Hist 109 1st Edition Lecture 8 Current OutlineI. PeripheryII. CoreIII. Failed attemptsIV. Far south Latin AmericaCurrent LectureColonizing the Continent Mapping out Iberian Authority in Latin AmericaMajor points:1. The 16th century is marked by a dramatic accumulation of knowledge and information in Europe about the New World. Forced them to rethink their religious and other perspectives2. Latin America becomes divided into “core” areas and “periphery” areas of Iberian authority and colonization. Periphery slowly incorporated under Portuguese control then Spain can penetrate that.3. Spanish conquest of the periphery was a more protracted process than at the core areasMap of 1502- By Diego Gutierrez - Map of places Spain doesn’t even controlMap of 1562- Details of Mexico City- Patagonia with drawingsDifference in two maps shows how much Spain and Portugal had dominated New World and were intellectually controlling it because they now understood it.Defining Core Areas- Gold and silver production (center of Mexico and Andes Mountains). Resulted in extractive economiesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Dense and complex indigenous populations. Centralized pre conquest area were used by Spanish and Portuguese - Plantation Societies- Strong Presence of Iberian Govt- Strong presence of Catholic church. Bishops can reside and impose moral code- Rigid racial and hierarchical societies. Impose laws to control. Border areas are less flexible where there are both groupsExamples of Core areas:1. Central Mexico2. Andes3. Caribbean to 1600 because by 1600 the indigenous population has died off and mineral wealth is gone and no plantation society hadn’t developed then falls back into periphery4. Northeastern BrazilDefining the Periphery- Absence of precious metals- Non plantation society- Scattered, semi-sedentary indigenous population- Weak presence of government- Periphery linked to supporting role of Core Region- Locals can match the Iberians because it’s hard for Spanish to impose their laws since there isn’t a huge population. - Indigenous population has more control and ability to control IberiansPeriphery supports the core and often provide agriculture base to sustain core areasExamples of periphery:1. Northern Mexico2. Central america and the Yucatan3. Caribbean after 16004. Southern Cone of South AmericaConquering and Colonizing the Periphery in the 16th century- Mayan Conquest, 1502 to 1697o 1526 Cortes campaign. Spaniards march towards Yucatan peninsulao 1542 Merida foundedo 1580 400 spaniards in the yucatan peninsula. Huge gold mine there that attractso 1697 final conquest of the last of the Mayan city states: TayasalFailed Conquest at the Far Extremes of the Latin American Empire- Chilean Araucanianso Burn city of Santiago that was founded in 1540- Chichimecs of Northern Mexicoo Spaniards encountered them and signed a treaty. Would have to pay a tax to natives to pass through16th century Columbian Exchange: How the conquest of latin america influenced all of Europe and the AmericasHow the two continents become closely connected- Columbian exchange: the diffusion of biology, plants, animals, diseases, and genes by the comingtogether of the new and old worldNew World to Old:- Maize- domesticated in central mexico. Sacred product of aztecs. Source of calories - Potatoes- indigenous to Andes mountains. Can survive in non nutrient rich soil- Beans- - Tomatoes- Tobacco- Cacao- PeppersOld World to New:- Sugar- Rice- Coffee- Bananas- Wine. Port wine has higher alcohol content to cross