HIST 109 1st Edition Lecture 6Last Lecture OutlineSpanish Conquest of Mexico, 1519-1521I. Cortes and the First Conquest of MexicoII. From the Coast to the Aztec EmpireIII. Expulsion of Spanish and Second ConquestCurrent Lecture OutlineThe Portuguese Empire and the New WorldI. Portugal at the beginning of the 16th centuryII. African/Portuguese InteractionsIII. Portuguese Conquest of BrazilIV. Indigenous Population of Brazil at the time of ConquestV. Portuguese ColonizationVI. Brazilian Sugar PlantationsVII. Native American EnslavementVIII. African Slavery in BrazilCurrent Notes:Portuguese colonies off the coast of AfricaMajor points of Today’s Lecture:1. Portugal dominates the African Wing of European Expansion. View Brazil as extension of African efforts2. Portugual “discovers” Brazil during its African trading campaigns. First to use Africans to fund and build their colonies. 3. Portugal integrates Brazil into its African colonization plan by specializing in monocrop agriculture. Portuguese imports 10 times as many Africans as the United States does to Brazil.Portugal at the beginning of the 16th century- Reconquest experience in the 1200s. Portugal is first country to truly establish as nation-state.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Leaders in Europeans in Oceanic travel and trade due to position by the sea. First to move for trade outside of Europe beyond Mediterranean. - Prince Henry “The Navigator”. o Used the instruments of govt to help develop oceanic trade and discovery. o Universities in Portugal had people making maps and developing trade routes. o Used expertise in Mediterranean shipping lanes. Then expanded into Atlantic and down African coast.- Spain has a very militant outlook, Portugal looks at it from merchant and commercial perspective.African/Portuguese Interactions- African Domestic Slaves in Lisbon. o 10-15% of Lisbons were sub-Saharan Africans.- Portuguese Colony of Angola in the end of 16th century. Portuguese are first European power to have colonies on both sides of Atlantic. - African Catholicismo Introduced into Africa so enslaved population was aware of Catholicism and to navigate social constructs- Sao Tome- Island colonized 35 miles off coast of Africa o Sets up a model that the Portuguese extend o Used for moving goods and station.o Was originally uninhabitedo Turned into sugar producing island. Take laborers from Angola to worko Start to associate skin color with work/service Portuguese Conquest of Brazil- Cabral, 1500. Gets blown off course and discovers Brazil. Calls this land Santa Cruz- From the land called Santa Cruz to the land called Brazilo Later becomes known as Brazil. o Certain colonies become so closely associated because Brazil wood comes from there. Change in name reflects commodity coming from there.o Shows economic transformation - Only colored in areas where there was knowledge. Map making was a way of taking possessionIndigenous Population of Brazil at the time of Conquest- Population numbered 2.5 to 3 million- No centralized empire. Very dispersed throughout the lando Not as easy to conquer since they’re so spread out- Tupinamba- indigenous group on the coasto First group Portuguese interacted with. o Title used to label all indigenous peopleo Can control by labeling them as brutal and cannabalistic nativeso Treat them differently and enslaving them by creating distance between Europeans and nativesPortuguese Colonization- Captaincy System- petitioning system where someone raises their own money and has ships can go to New World.o Goal of this system is to promise to engage in deforestation- Brazilian Deforestation- main thing Portuguese wanted to build more shipsBrazilian Sugar Plantations- Captaincies:o Sao Vicente and Pernambuco- First Sugar Mill in 1533o Labor intensive cropo Revolutionizes European diet. Used as preservative originallyo Requires refinement from sugar cane which is pressed. Liquified first.o Shipping refined sugar back to Europe. So intensive that average life span of a person was 3-5 years.- Mameluco Society- offspring between natives and Portugueseo Those laboring were nativeso Those not are hard to distinguish Native American Enslavement- Negros da Terra- enslavedindigenouspopulation. o A black label on workers. Racial description with legal status- Bandeiranteso Raiding groups that bring slaves from interior. o Bring back information on how to conquer interior better- Aldeiaso different groups from interior figure out commonalitiesAfrican Slavery in Brazil- Transition from Native-American to African Slaveryo Transported across Atlantico Still have indigenous workers too though o Place taxes on commerce at point of export and import- Mercantilism and the Slave Tradeo Enrich mother country. o Link African colony with Angola to sustain slave