HIST 109 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Below are the three essays and the three components that go along with each essay. Refer to the questions Dr. Childs had posted to Blackboard to see what each question is. Be sure to know what readings you willuse to support your claims in all questions. Having supporting evidence from the readings will help you the most.1.a. Caribbean - Iberian vs. Native Americans – smallpox was main disease. First person was Christopher Columbus. Political, economic, conflict. REFER TO NOTES when using this argument.- Iberian vs. Iberian could be from the Catalina reading and what her identity was. Between Iberians was this conflict over what racial identity she fit. b. Mexico (Mexica, Mayan, Tupis) - Native vs. Native is best example. They pitted the war between two factions already in Mexico. Conquered different villages around to pay tribute. Had many natives willing to help conquer Aztecs. Main group to help Spanish were Tlaxcalans. Lecture notes and say very much native vs. native- Reading: Chi was a notary and translator (part of Mayans). Possible example of native vs. native because there was a rival group that killed his father. Political conflict- Franciscan friars fought too and had to have Chi read that they were going c. Peru (Incans)- Pizarro walked into Incan empire was in the middle of Incan civil war.Physical conflict between natives vs. natives. Conflict between Atahualpa and Huascar are the two brothers vying for power - Iberian vs. Iberian conflict was a civil war between Pizarro and Almagro. Almagro was sent awayby Pizarro to chase down other ruler and Pizarro culturally dominated and gave away land titles and Almagro returns and can’t get any land.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.During this time Monco flees into the mountains and rules from a distance during this and pits Spaniards against each other during the civil war.Reading to use: Don Melchor was a Kuraka who was an intermediary and had native vs. native conflicts with the issues of primogeniture and other kurakas wanting to take over him.2.Religious beliefs- Tomacuna and Nobre had a double life in Brazil who was a go between and the religious belief created was Santidaje? Was a mixing of Christian beliefs and indigenous practices. Catholicism elements were baptism and sacraments and altars. Had idols and tattoos, smoking, dancing that were in the wilderness which is part of Indigenous practicesRacial identities- Mulatto, Mestizos, Mamelucos, Pardo…led to a caste system among peopleCastas paintings represent relationship between interracials.Readings: Tomacuna, Chi, and Don Melchor (Kuraka)From lecture: La Malinche was a huge go between in MexicoColumbian Exchange- go-betweens would have been facilitating this. First to mix and acting as translator and showing you how to work with different and new product. Fostered these new products and exchanges. Kurakas such as Don Melchor.3. Indigenous population engaged in acts of resistance:Ex: Palmares resistance and Zumbi (Brazil) Indigenous accepted runawaysLecture: Monco was able to flee into periphery and rule from a distance and foster Spanish civil war to pitthem against each other (Peru)Could talk about AztecsMelchor was resistant by listing people not goods in his last will.Difficulty in drawing lines (ambiguous racial identity)Catalina is a good example from the Caribbean.Pedro de Ayarza and his sons. This racial discrepancy made it difficult to rule subjects. Spanish don’t want mixed race people as it would “contaminate” the purity of the blood.Tomacuna/Nobre manipulated his identity depending on where he was. Had to be good CatholicMixed individuals who were challenging to dominate(Mestizo, Mamelucos)Periphery- Interior of Brazil (Amazon), Chile, Argentina. Centers formed through economic influences. Mexico, Peru (Incan empire), Potosi in Bolivia, were the “CORES”. Hard to conquer because they were spread out and not as well established and difficult to reach. Did not have central governments and moved a lot. Didn’t know where they were and how