HIST 109 1st Edition Lecture 15The Rise of Toussaint Louverture. Father was born in Africa and did have roots there.- Born Toussaint Breda in St. Domingue and grew up in African world and Caribbean colonial world. Spoke African languages and Haitian-Creole. Designated as a deliverer of goods from plantation to ports. Becomes literate. - Switches from Spanish to French side. Spain begins to aide insurgents with weapons and want to take back colony. Becomes a conduit for which weapons can move. Can talk to both sides and moves up the ranks.Questions French radicals. - Forces emancipation in 1794- Slavery ends and Toussaint pledges loyalty to French Revolutionaries - Defeats the British by 1798- occupies southern part for 5 years. Eventually defeated- 1800 governor – was declared governor of the island by French govt.Final Push for Independence- Napoleon’s Leclerc Expedition to reconquer the island. Wants to reinstate slavery and return to old way of a money making island. - Toussaint Surrenders (May 1802)- holds his sons hostages to make him surrender. He is captured,imprisoned, then killed- Former slaves can only control their political destiny is to become an independent country. - Independence declared (Jan. 1 1804). Louisiana Purchase made. Jefferson sent ministers to talk toNapoleon. Wanted to only buy New Orleans Port. French came back and said they’d sell the whole land.Legacies of the Haitian Revolution- Louisiana Purchase- Aid for Latin American Independence movements- Beginning of the end of New World Slavery- The “Debt” of freedom: Haitians pay $21 billion in reparations to former masters. Haiti gains independence in 1804. France agrees to recognize Haitian independence on this condition. Haitian govt signs treaty in 1825 to pay this debt back but are never able to. US govt occupies through 1934 and guards banks. Secretary of state is worried about how US forces are in Haiti and doesn’t like interference on business matters. - Propertied peasants. Wanted to work their own land. - Brazil is last country to have independence NEW LECTURE:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Independence movements in Continental Latin American 1800-1830Major questions:- How did Latin America react to political events caused by the Napoleonic Wars?- What were the differences and similarities in the Independence Movements that swept Latin America from 1808 to 1830?- How did race, ethnic, and class tensions influence support for independence?Political Turmoil in Europe, 1790-1800- Wars of the French Revolution- Neutral Trade- Latin American colonies trade heavily with US. - Spanish state takes over church debts. Have to raise money but are cut off from their colonies. Spain taxes