I. Social loafingSocial loafingThe tendency to exert less effort when working on a group task in which individual contributions cannot be monitoredRingelmann effect (the tendency for individual members of a group to become increasingly less productive as the size of their group increases)Anonymous social loafingClass ex: pulling the rope individually and with other people.Why this happen?Diffusion of responsibilityDecreased evaluation apprehensionWhen you perceived that your efforts don’t matterWhen you don’t care about the group or the taskHow do you reduce social loafing?Increased ability to identify specific individualsIncreasing group members perceived importanceIncrease involvement (rotate roles)Set individual goalsSmaller groupsCollectivistic societiesPrevalencePoint prevalenceHow common is Mental Illness over a discrete period of timeNCS-R one year prevalence rates: 26%Life time prevalenceHow many people will be diagnosed with mental illness at some point in their lifeHow common is mental illness? Findings from the National Comorbidity Survey(2005)EtiologyWhat is the cause of somethingPrognosisWhat is the long-term outcome?Ego-syntonic versus ego- dystonicego- dystonic(more likely to seek help) is when you have symptoms of mental illness, but you recognize that those symptoms is not how you typically arephobiaEgo-syntonic(hard to get into a treatment): the symptoms of mental illness are really who you are, you don’t see them as something outside yourself.Narcissist (overcompensation of insecurity)Lifetime RatesNCS-R lifetime prevalence rate for any mental disorder is 46%(does not include schizophrenia) so might be a bit underestimated.Gender difference from NCS studyFemales have higher rates of:DepressionAnxietySomatization disordersMale have higher rates of:Alcohol & substance abuseAntisocial personality disorderDefining mental disorderCluster of symptomsLong period of timeFunctional (behavioral)PerspectivesPsych 101 1st Edition Lecture 19 Outline of Last Lecture I. PsychologyII. Attitude formationIII. Conformity & ObedienceIV. Group behaviorV. AltruismVI. What else is social psychology?VII. EmotionsVIII.EffectIX. Bystander X. Zimbardo XI. The power of the situationXII. Milgram XIII.ObedienceXIV. ConformityXV. Normative XVI.ConformityXVII. BehaviorXVIII. Social XIX.Ambivalent XX. AttitudeXXI.Positive XXII. DissonanceOutline of Current Lecture I. Social loafingII. PrevalenceIII. Etiology IV. PrognosisV. Ego-syntonic versus ego- dystonicVI. Lifetime RatesVII. Gender differenceVIII. Defining mental disorderCurrent LectureSocial loafing- The tendency to exert less effort when working on a group task in which individual contributions cannot be monitored- Ringelmann effect (the tendency for individual members of a group to become increasingly less productive as the size of their group increases)o Anonymous social loafingo Class ex: pulling the rope individually and with other people.o Why this happen? Diffusion of responsibility  Decreased evaluation apprehension  When you perceived that your efforts don’t matter When you don’t care about the group or the tasko How do you reduce social loafing? Increased ability to identify specific individuals Increasing group members perceived importance Increase involvement (rotate roles) Set individual goals Smaller groups Collectivistic societies Prevalence- Point prevalence o How common is Mental Illness over a discrete period of timeo NCS-R one year prevalence rates: 26%- Life time prevalence o How many people will be diagnosed with mental illness at some pointin their lifeo How common is mental illness? Findings from the National Comorbidity Survey(2005)- Etiology o What is the cause of something- Prognosiso What is the long-term outcome?- Ego-syntonic versus ego- dystonico ego- dystonic(more likely to seek help) is when you have symptoms ofmental illness, but you recognize that those symptoms is not how you typically are  phobiao Ego-syntonic(hard to get into a treatment): the symptoms of mental illness are really who you are, you don’t see them as something outside yourself.  Narcissist (overcompensation of insecurity)Lifetime Rates- NCS-R lifetime prevalence rate for any mental disorder is 46%(does not include schizophrenia) so might be a bit underestimated. Gender difference from NCS study- Females have higher rates of:o Depression o Anxiety o Somatization disorders- Male have higher rates of: o Alcohol & substance abuseo Antisocial personality disorder Defining mental disorder- Cluster of symptoms- Long period of time - Functional (behavioral)