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UNC-Chapel Hill PSYC 101 - Exam 3 Study Guide

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Misinformation effect-Recovered (repressed) memoriesRole of source monitoring errors?-Memory derived from one source is misattributed to another sourceMemory reconstruction*People recall of an event may be influenced by something happening after the event*People recall of an event may be influenced by misleading post-event information.Explicit memory: conscious recall(also called declarative memory; When a person intentionally remember something that is more effortful) (EX: when taking an exam)SemanticMemory of facts and general knowledge of the world; not linked to a specific eventEpisodic (autobiographical memory)Memory for specific events in one’s lifeRetrospective memory: remember things happening in the pastProspective memory: try to remember something that you need to do in the future.Event-basedNeed to do some actions in the future when certain circumstances are present (Ex: remember to take rain jacket if it’s rainy)Time-basedRemember to do certain actions at the certain point of timeImplicit memory (also called nondeclarative memory; Memory that is formed without effort)Procedural memory (ex: riding a bike, typing)Memory for older skills; automatic recollections of behavioral skillsPrimacy effects: Remember things happening at the firstInvolves more rehearsal processesRecency effects: Tend to remember things in the last couples of items and not the items in the middle.STM versus LTM: Serial position effectMemory for specific events in one’s lifeRetrospective memory: remember things happening in the pastProcedural memory (ex: riding a bike, typing)Memory for older skills; automatic recollections of behavioral skillsSemanticMemory of facts and general knowledge of the world; not linked to a specific event.Implicit memory (also called nondeclarative memory; Memory that is formed without effort)Explicit memory: conscious recall (also called declarative memory; When a person intentionally remember something that is more effortful) (EX: when taking an exam)Retrospective memory: remember things happening in the pastChapter 8 – Cognition and IntelligenceChapter 11 – PersonalityStable disposition/tendency to behave in a particular way across situations and across time.Structure of personalityId (usually unconscious level)Physical urges that need to be satisfied right awayBasically unconsciousGoverned by “pleasure principle”—immediate gratificationEgo (span both levels of conscious and unconscious thinking)Governed by “reality principle”Developed in the first year of lifeAct in a social satisfying waySatisfy your need in the context of what is going onSuperego (usually unconscious level)Governed by “moral principle”Value system; Internalizing the value of parents and society; conformity to the societyPsychosexual stages (different stages correspond to different ages)Libidinal energy (psychic energy produced by the libido) and erogenous zones (part of the body where libidinal energy is focused)Role of fixationAt given stage, you can become stuck or fixatedToo much or too little stimulationPsychosexual stages (different stages correspond to different ages)Libidinal energy (psychic energy produced by the libido) and erogenous zones (part of the body where libidinal energy is focused)Role of fixationAt given stage, you can become stuck or fixatedStages:OralBabies get satisfied by sucking and biting etc. Satisfied from mouth regionChallenge: successfully wean from breast and bottleOral fixation: ex: people always put hands in their mouthsAnalErotic focus: anus(expelling or retaining feces)Anal fixation: anal repressive; anal expulsive(super messy, very sloppy)Toilet trainingPhallic (age 3-5)Oedipal and electra complexBoy want sexual beneficiation from mom. Castration anxiety (castration anxiety is an overwhelming fear of damage to, or loss of, the penis): the boy desire mom, boy cant get mom bc dad is in the way; boy afraid of dad---identification with the aggressor---leads to superego; the theory is that a child has a fear of damage being done to their genitalia by the parent of the same sex (i.e. A son being afraid of his father) as punishment for sexual feelings toward the parent of the opposite sex (i.e. A son toward his mother).Stuck in this phase: difficult to develop romantic relationship and difficult in dealing with authority peopleBasic assumptions of traitsSpecific Trait TheoriesBig “five” personality traits—applied internationallyEmotional StabilityLooks at how emotional stable a person isExtraversionLooks at how outgoing a person isOpenness to experienceOpen or close?RigidityAgreeablenessHow social/friendly you areConscientiousnessCriticismsWilliam syndrome: high extraversion and high agreeablenessAutism: high conscientiousness and low agreeablenessExam # 3 Study GuidePSYC 101 1st EditionHi, the exam will have 52 multiple-choice items. The exam will be on the chapters below and material from class (information covered in the notes, but not in the book, is not listed below, so please study your notes thoroughly). Any class exercises or video clips are fair game for the exam (as well as concepts covered in class). Good luck!Chapter 7 – Memory1. Basic memory processes (encoding, storage, and retrieval)2. Levels of processingEncoding-Encoding: Into information into memory/taking information and putting it in a form, which you can understand. Code and put into memory-Iconic memory: momentary sensory memory for visual information.-Echoic: Momentary sensory memory of auditory information.Levels of processing: process stuff at different types of intensity. The more intensely you process something the better you’ll remember. How extensively you process information when you’re first exposed to it. -Shallow: -Is the word in capital letters (Duke)? Are there vowels?-Intermediate:-Does it rhyme with flute-Deep: -Does the word fit the sentence: Carolina will beat ______ this year? Enhancing Encoding-Dual coding theory when you’re trying to remember something your memory will be enhanced by forming form of semantic -Motivation To Remember (MTR): people remembering things wen they want too. Good reasons too, or motives. Storage-Storage: maintenance of information over time. Maintain in memory-Short term memory (working memory) (STM): memory for information in the present. Allow you to eventually transfer to long-term memory. Limited memory/capacity. 5-9 items can be remembered. -Definition: One’s ability to hold and manipulate


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