Psych 101 1nd Edition Lecture Outline of Last Lecture II. Connectedness: III. Closure: IV. Continuity: V. Similarity: VI. Down Perception:VII. ProximityVIII.Depth PerceptionIX. ConsciousnessX. Circadian RhythmsOutline of Current Lecture I. Sleep DisordersII. NarcolepsyIII. REM SleepIV. Epidemiology of SleepV. Insomnia Therapy REM Behavior DisorderVI. Sleep walkingVII. Sleep ApneaVIII. Theories of sleep Current LectureWhat makes REM sleep special?- Paradoxical sleep.- Heart rate goes up- Breathing rate goes up.REM Rebound: If you’re deprived of REM sleep the next night will be make up night =).- Alcohol deprives you of REM sleepREM Sleep- Difficulty to awaken from REM- Irregular breathing and pulse rate- Minimal bodily awarenessEpidemiology of Sleep- 58% Adults snore- 36% complain insomnia- 15% note persistent excessive daytime- 3%unusual nocturnal behavior- 2% rotating work shiftsMost Common Complaints Regarding Sleep- Excessive Daytime Sleepiness- Difficulty Initiating or maintaining sleep- Unusual Nocturnal EventsSocietal Sleep Deprivation- Chronic and Pervasive- As a society, we now get 20% less sleep than our ancestors only 100 years ago. - College Students oversleep their alarms 50% of the time.- Fatal familial insomnia.- Around middle age, people lose the ability to sleep - Hallucination- Irritability Sleep DisordersInsomnia: Going to sleep, staying asleep and waking up in the morning. Does not have anything to do with mental illnesses.Insomnia Therapy:- TREAT the UNDERLYING CAUSE!!!- Standardize routine to promote clues for sleep- Limit bed hours (go to bed when sleepy)- Eliminate napping (expect for shift workers and elderly)- Use bright light; social interaction and exercise to accentuate wake periods- Take a hot shower in the PM- Avoid stimulants (including caffeine and nicotine) and sleep aids including alcohol. Narcolepsy: periodic overwhelming sleepiness. Excessive daily sleepiness.-Associated with Cataplexy: muscle weakness.-Gradual or sudden - REM Behavior Disorder- The person is able to act out in dreams. - Causes are unknown - Treated with - Sleep walking. - Most likely to occur during non REM sleep.- Early part of the night.- Fewer amount of adults, more like kids.- Sleep Apnea: stops breathing during the night. - Unrestlful sleep- Associated with strokes-Associated with poor sleep, high blood pressure, increase in strokes-Treatment- Weight loss- Continuous positive airways pressure (cpap) mask.- Theories of sleep Why do we sleep?- Sleep as a circadian rhythm.- People tend to sleep after rigorous activities.- To replenish our resources.- We sleep to dream.-Most common dreams:Why do we dreams?Unconscious issues that are important.Manifest content is what the dream was about.Latent content is what represents unconscious issues.- Information processing of things that concern us (problem solving)- Represents unconscious issues and conflicts - Latent versus manifest content- Activation-Synthesis hypothesis: while dreaming lower part of your brain are sending out random symbols, dreams are trying to make sense of this lower part of the brain. Not as higher cognitive thinking. Creating a story. - What you dream often time represent what you worry