2/25/20101In class activitiesFebruary 25, 2010Morning class resultsThe present is the key to the past is a fundamental part of94%1. catastrophism.2. plutonism.3. neptunism.4. uniformitarianism.12346%0%0%Explanation:Uniformitarianism holds that the physical, chemical, and biological principles that operate today also operated in the past. Thus, the present is the key to the past.Which principle of relative dating states that in an undeformed sequence of sedimentary rocks, each layer is older than the one above and younger than the one below?47% 47%1. Original horizontality.2. Superposition.3. Cross‐cutting.12340%6%4. Inclusion.What is the principle of original horizontality?74%1. Each sedimentary layer is older than the layer above.2. Each sedimentary layer is younger than the layer above.3. Each new layer of sediment is laid down nearly horizontally over older sediment.4Each new layer of sediment is laid down123423%3%0%4.Each new layer of sediment is laid down accordingly.In a thick bed of sedimentary rocks, we find an igneous dike. According to the principle of cross‐cutting, the order in which these rocks formed is:91%1. simultaneously.2. igneous before sedimentary.3. sedimentary before igneous.4. unknown.12340%3%6%What is an unconformity?91%1. A scientific debate between Earth scientists.2. Younger igneous plutonic rock above older sediments.3. A continuous sequence of sedimentary layers.4. A gap in an otherwise continuous time‐sequence of rock layers.12340% 0%9%Explanation:Unconformities represent a missing record of time, like pages missing from a book.Ancient geologic processes as revealed in Paleozoic rock layers were85%1. predominantly volcanic in origin.2. primarily glacial.3. predominantly processes of erosion andsedimentation.12349%6%0%4. very similar to processes seen today.Explanation:Remember: The present is the key to the past!The numerical dates associated with events on the geologic time scale were determined by77%1. radiometric dating.2. relative dating.3. superposition.4. fossil assemblages through time.12340%3%20%Explanation:Presently, the only way to obtain numerical dates is with radiometric dating.What is the principle of faunal succession?42% 42%1. Fossil organisms follow one another in a definite, irreversible time sequence.2. Rock cycling may dislodge and relocate fossils, making their age difficult to determine.3A fossil is always older than the rock in which12343%13%3.A fossil is always older than the rock in which it is found.4. All of the above.2/25/20102When comparing geologic time to a calendar year, the time of the dinosaurs is in the36%24%1. middle of October.2. first half of December.3. second half of December.4. first half of February.El ti123421%24%18%Explanation:Amazing as it may seem to many people, dinosaurs are a recent phenomenon in Earth’s long history.Life forms in the Precambrian included63%1. trilobites.2. brachiopods.3. coelacanths.4. cyanobacteria.123427%0%10%The most important event during the Cambrian period was the43%1. emergence of the fishes.2. ability of organisms to form an outerskeleton.3. emergence of the trilobite.12343%27%27%4. ability of organisms to develop lungs.Explanation:The evolutionary development of an outer skeleton increased survival rates.Which of the following is NOT true of the fossil record?1. The fossil record span s about 3.5 billion years of Earth’s 4.5 billion yearage.2. The most common fossils are those organisms that had hard parts likeshells and bones.3. The first fossils were simple, anaerobic algal plants.4. The Paleozoic era is credited with the emergence of life.Explanation:Life emerged in Precambrian time, which precedes the Paleozoic era.The Mesozoic era is known as the age of the45%42%1. dinosaurs.2. synapsids.3. fishes.4. reptiles.123410%3%Explanation:Dinosaurs are but one group of reptiles.During which era did pine and redwood trees appear?39%25%32%1. Precambrian2. Mesozoic3. Paleozoic4.
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