1Atomic Structure, IsotopesSTM Chapter 5Pages 88-108Diagram of AtomElectrolysis of Salts• Anode +• Cathode –• Opposites attract– particlesÆ ++particlesÆ –• – particle: ANION• + particle: CATIONCathode Ray TubeCathode ray deflection diagram Cathode ray deflection photo2Perforated cathode Static on oil dropsRadioactive emissions and their chargeGold foil deflects a few alpha particlesModel to explain alpha particle deflectionAtomic model analogyhttp://www.sportslighting.com/feature/ls.html3Analogy of atom--conthttp://www.joesentell.com/panther/panther.htmhttp://web.ics.purdue.edu/~drhodes/hort410/vgsd13.htmhttp://www.skynet.ie/~ceason/cormac/stuff/housefly_anim.gifHydrogen ionProtons and Neutrons in NucleusAtomic Structure• Protons• Neutrons• ElectronsAtomic Structure• Neutrons– Electrical charge 0– Mass = 1 atomic unit Atomic Structure• Protons– Electrical charge +1– Mass = 1 atomic mass unit (u)4Atomic Structure• Electrons– Electrical charge -1– Mass = almost nothing (1/1837 of a proton)Atomic Structure• Protons• NeutronsMake up the NUCLEUSNEW KLEE USNucleons—have massNEW KLEE ONS• Electrons—minimal massAnalogy of atom--conthttp://www.joesentell.com/panther/panther.htmhttp://web.ics.purdue.edu/~drhodes/hort410/vgsd13.htmhttp://www.skynet.ie/~ceason/cormac/stuff/housefly_anim.gifProtons and Neutrons in NucleusAtomic Structure• Protons• Neutrons• ElectronsAtomic Structure• Protons–Atomic Number– Controls properties of elements– Constant number for all atoms of the same element5Atomic Structure• Neutrons– Atoms may have different numbers of neutrons– Different atomic masses of atoms of the same element– ISOTOPES of the same elementIsotope notationIn-class activity In-class activity• How many neutrons?• How many nucleons?In-class activity Electrons• Positioned in energy levels•First_level 2• Second_level 8• Higher_levels temporarily_fill_with_86Neils Bohr’s electron energy level diagramIn Class Activity # 3Periodic Tablehttp://www.nyu.edu/classes/tuckerman/honors.chem/lectures/lecture_2/node5.htmlGroups of the Periodic Table• Alkali Metals—first column• Alkaline Earth Metals—second column• Halogens—next to last column• Noble Gases—last columnPeriodic table with metals/nonmetals
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