Use this study guide the midterm study guide your review questions and in class activities to prepare for the final exam It is comprehensive You may use a single 3 X5 card or 3 x5 sheet of paper which is less than a half sheet I will have a paper cutter in class to cut yours down to size Bring a scantron Don t forget your review questions are due at the final exam March 22 10 AM or Noon depending on when your lecture meets Weathering Disintegration and decomposition of rock material at surface conditions Mechanical weathering is the physical reduction in size of particles frost wedging ice wedging frost action is the most important of mechanical weathering processes Unloading and biologic acitivity are two and three on the list Chemical weathering alters internal structure of mineral by adding or removing elements to form new minerals Water is necessary for most chemical weathering processes Often an increase of volume due to added elements Sedimentary Rocks Clastic rocks composed of weathered particles of other rocks Lithified by compaction and cementation Cement commonly calcite silica or iron oxide Classified by particle size conglomerate sandstone siltstone shale Know most common type of sedimentary rock Chemical rocks formed by precipitation from solution Includes limestone made of calcite chert silica rock salt and gypsum Some limestone precipitated by organisms made of fossils Know most common chemical rock Features of sedimentary rocks include bedding porosity permeability fossils Physics of Motion Velocity is distance time Acceleration is change in velocity over time Know units for each Velocity in an accelerating system equals acceleration rate x time elapsed Distance traveled in an accelerating system a t 2 If you know two of these distance acceleration and time you can calculate the third Acceleration of gravity not dependent upon object s mass Freely falling objects accelerate at constant rate neglecting air resistance Projectiles subject to gravity acceleration vertically but no acceleration in horizontal direction Satellites are projectiles moving horizontally fast enough to fall only as fast as the curvature of Earth Newton s laws of motion Three laws of motion Inertia force action reaction pairs Be able to calculate net force from known perpendicular forces using the Pythagorean Theorem Energy kinetic and potential Know equations and be able to calculate with correct units Power work done over time Be able to calculate power of system Mass wasting Influence of gravity Names and characteristics of types Triggers of mass wasting How do these triggers cause mass wasting to begin Specific example of mass wasting event and details about its type What is a lahar What potential mass wasting could occur in northwestern Oregon Stream systems Hydrologic cycle percent evaporation and rainfall of oceans and continents Percent water in different locations Gradient of streams influences results Influences on stream velocity Terms associated with meandering streams how do they form What changes take place in stream between headwaters and mouth What is base level Describe delta formation natural levee formation Transportation by streams types relative amounts Competence vs capacity so many year flood event Drainage basin tributaries divides Drainage patterns Biggest river is the Amazon discharge next ten rivers put together
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