Chemistry Acids and Bases STM Chapter 10 Pages 207 220 Characteristics of Acids and Bases Chemical opposites Neutralize one another Combine in solution to yield water and salt that is a dissolved ionic compound Ionic Compound Chemical substance bound by ionic bonds Outer electron shells lose and gain electrons Alkali metals have 1 charge lose electron Alkaline earth metals have 2 charge lose two electrons Halogens have 1 charge gain electrons Ionic Bonds Electrons change elements ionic bond created Cations are positive Anions are negative Charge amount is important Valence is amount and character of charge Acids Have hydrogen ion in formula H Taste sour Dissolve metals Common Acids HCl H2SO4 H2CO3 HNO3 Hydrochloric acid Sulfuric acid Carbonic acid Nitric Acid Bases Have hydroxide ion in formula OH Taste bitter Feel slippery Also called alkali or alkaline Common Bases NaOH sodium hydroxide NH3 ammonia Acids donate proton to base H OH H2O water Notice charges add to zero Ions of Acids H2SO4 2H SO42 HCl H Cl HNO3 H NO3 H2CO3 2H CO32 Metal Oxides are alkaline Oxide ion of metal compound reacts with water to form two hydroxide ions in water Ions of Bases CaO H2O Ca OH 2 Ca OH 2 Ca2 2OHNaOH Na OH NH3 H2O NH4 OH Neutralization Reaction H OH H2O NaOH HCl NaCl H O 2 pH negative log of hydronium ion concentration in moles per liter Pure water has 1x10 7 moles hydronium ions per liter pH is 7 Neutral p Power H hydrogen pH of Acids More than 1x10 7 hydronium ions per ml negative log of hydronium ion concentration is less than 7 pH of acids is between 7 and 0 pH of Bases Fewer than 1x10 7 hydronium ions per ml negative log of hydronium ion concentration is more than 7 pH of bases is between 7 and 14 pH of common solutions see figure 7 7 p 215 STM pH Scale Negative log of the concentration of the Hydronium ion Hydrogen donates its proton to water to become H3O pH of common solutions Ionic Compounds Joined by donation receipt of electrons Reactions can occur to trade ions Products of reactions have different properties than reactants Reactions NaCl AgNO 3 Na Cl Ag NO3 NaCl AgNO NaNO 3 3 AgCl Reactions NaCl K CrO 2 4 Na Cl 2K CrO42 NaCl K CrO Na CrO Not balanced 2 4 2 4 KCl 2 NaCl K CrO Na CrO 2 4 2 Reactions HCl CaCO 3 CO2 some other things 4 2KCl Are they balanced Ca 2H2O Ca OH 2 H2 2LiOH CO Li CO H O 2Sn 2H SO 2SnSO SO 2H O 2 2 2 3 4 2 4 2 2 Are they balanced 2KNO 10K 6K O N 2NH O N 3H O 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 3Cl2 6NaOH 5NaCl NaClO3 3H2O Balance these equations Al O2 Al2O3 C H O CO H O Zn OH H PO Zn PO H O 3 8 2 2 2 3 2 4 Molar Mass SO3 S 32 O 16 KBrO3 K 39 Br 80 CaSO Ca 40 Al SO Al 27 4 2 4 3 3 4 2 2
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