Atoms and the Periodic TableChapter 12Pages 285-305Atoms are smallSmaller than light wavesPeriodic tableActual arrangement doesn’t fit on page very wellPeriodic TableAtomic symbolOnly first letter is capitalCO is not cobalt (Co)Cloud Model of AtomAtomic Structure•Protons• Neutrons• ElectronsAtomic Structure--Protons Electrical charge +1 Equal number of negative electrons Balance to zero charge Atomic number is # of protons Mass = 1 atomic mass unit (amu)Atomic Structure--Neutrons Electrical charge = 0 Mass = 1 atomic mass unit (amu) Number of neutrons is not set for an atom of an elementAtomic Structure--Nucleus• Protons--set number, determines the element• Neutrons—no set number, can be different for same elementMake up the NUCLEUSNEW KLEE USNucleons—have massNEW KLEE ONSAtomic Structure-- Electrons Electrical charge -1 Mass = almost nothing(1/1837 of a proton)Atomic model analogyhttp://www.sportslighting.com/feature/ls.htmlAnalogy of atom--conthttp://www.joesentell.com/panther/panther.htmhttp://web.ics.purdue.edu/~drhodes/hort410/vgsd13.htmhttp://www.skynet.ie/~ceason/cormac/stuff/housefly_anim.gifIsotope notationStable Isotope of SodiumAtomic number is protons: 11 Mass #: 23 nucleons is isotopePeriodic Table codingaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa• Metals, metalloids and nonmetalsPeriods and GroupsAtomic size across periodsGroups (families)Shell Model of AtomsElectrons shells in periodic table• First three periodsElectron waves• Certain energy and location function of wavelength—right diagram is not sustainableAtomic Structure--ElectronsModeled in energy shells• First shell 2 electrons• Second shell 8 electrons• Third shell 8 electronsPeriodic Table• Metals, nonmetals and metalloidsInner transition metalsAnalogy of
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