Hydrologic Cycle Distribution Cycle Animation Water Cycle Groundwater Water Pollution http www mnforsustain org water climate global water cycle study htm Water Cycle Water Cycle Water Cycle 86 of evaporation from sea surface 14 of atmospheric moisture from EVAPOTRANSPIRATION Less that 3 of Earth s water is on land Over of that is in glacial ice Most of the rest is stored as groundwater some groundwater is saline 78 of precipitation on sea surface 22 of water precipitated falls on land http meted com mesoprim mpradfog print htm Groundwater Surface water Groundwater Water sources in Oregon Precipitation infiltrates Earth s surface Largest reservoir of liquid fresh water Drinking water source for half of U S Groundwater Contributes to stream flow Universal solvent Dissolves some rock types Limestone CaCO3 Salts NaCl KCl Gypsum CaSO4 http www deq state or us wq dwp dwp htm 1 Groundwater Source First becomes soil moisture Plants use it Some evaporates directly Some sinks down Groundwater Terms Groundwater terms diagram Zone of saturation Water table Zone of aeration Infiltration Groundwater is stored Groundwater Storage Porosity of rock Spaces between sand grains Cracks in crystalline rock Dissolved cavities Permeability Groundwater Storage Stored in AQUIFER Porous and permeable rock Trapped by AQUITARD Impermeable I bl rock k Clay shale Very slowly Small openings High surface tension P Pressure forces f water t to t areas off lower l pressure Hydraulic gradient Hydraulic head Allows water to move Interconnection of pore spaces Groundwater movement diagram Groundwater Movement Springs Photo of cliff springs Where water table intersects ground surface 2 Carlsbad Caverns Drip stone Soda straws Curtains Angel wings Organ pipes Cave pearls Stalactites Stalagmites Arecibo Puerto Rico Radio Telescope in Sinkhole Karst drainage of manmade lake in Missouri Karst towering buttes http en wikipedia org wiki Yangshuo Thailand Karst Towers http www siue edu GEOGRAPHY ONLINE Gillespie htm 3 Wells Ogallala supported agriculture Wells after drawdown Ogallala Aquifer Exploited in Great Plains agriculture Water table dropped Recharge rate low Artesian wells San Joaquin Valley subsidence Not able to recover due to aquifer compaction 4
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