Oceanography Thompson Research Vessel Polar views of Earth Distribution of Land and Water Diagram of land water by latitude World map showing land water distribution Progress in research vessels HMS Challenger Kilo Moana Sonar process single beam Sonar process multibeam and sidescan Sea floor landforms California Satellite Altimeter Atlantic oceanic ridge Pacific and Indian Ocean Floor H ES106 PowerPoint AN12 001 mov Atlantic Ocean Floor Seismic data and interpretation Collection of sea floor sediment cores Sea floor sediment Derived from land terra Terrigenous Composed of sand silt and clay Derived from organisms biota Biogenous Composed of shells and skeletons of marine animals and plants Direct precipitation from sea water hydro Hydrogenous Salts calcium carbonate metal oxides metal sulfides near sea floor hot springs Plankton Marine Sediment distribution Offshore oil platform Methane Hydrate sample Methane Hydrate burning Salt production Manganese Nodules Submerged edge of continental crust Function of amount of water in the sea And number and size of oceanic ridges Basin size vs ridge http geography berkeley edu ProgramCourses CoursePagesFA2002 Geog40 Geog40 Week7 html Active Continental Margins Narrow continental shelf Deep sea trench catches terrigenous sediment Accretionary Wedge of caught sediment At convergent boundary of plates http serc carleton edu research education cyberinfrastructure navdat questions html Convergent Lithospheric Plates Oceanic plate is subducted Deep ocean trench is formed Volcanism above subducted plate http serc carleton edu research education cyberinfrastructure navdat questions html Active continental Margin location Deep Ocean Trenches Active continental margins Other convergent plate locations Most are in the Pacific Ocean Pacific and Indian Ocean Floor Sea floor landforms California Passive Continental Margin Continental shelf Continental slope Continental rise Passive continental Margin location Passive continental Margin cross section Deep sea sediment fans Turbidity current Discovery of Turbidity Currents Atoll formation Atoll Oceanic Plateaus Figure 10 19 Oceanic Plateaus Pacific and Indian Ocean Floor Atlantic Ocean Floor Pacific Lithosphere Action http www soc soton ac uk CHD classroom sea carlsberg science oceanic constr html Oceanic Ridge Atlantic Oceanic Ridge Indian Oceanic Ridge Pacific Oceanic plate divergence http www soc soton ac uk CHD classroom sea carlsberg science constructive margins html Rift valleys on oceanic ridges Kaiko ROV 10 911 m 1995 Lost in 2003 7000 m capable replacement in 2004 Kaiko systems http www jamstec go jp e about equipment ships kaiko7000 html Kaiko on sea bed http seawifs gsfc nasa gov OCEAN PLANET HTML kaiko html Challenger Deep shrimp http www mext go jp english news 1998 07 980705 htm Alvin Manned 4000 m maximum depth Black smoker with sulfide chimney http ocean ridge ldeo columbia edu courses subgeol hot springs html Link to other Alvin photos Formation of Black Smoker http www paedquest de Riff Tiefsee Mangroven neu tiefsee content geobsm01 html
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