Elements of weather and climate Climate Temperature Range of temperature Seasonal temperature pattern Rainfall Earth Science Chapter 20 Pages 560 573 Overall rainfall Seasonal distribution of rainfall Compared to evaporation potential Pressure Weather vs Climate Climate is the weather you expect Weather is what you get whether you expect it or not Note if you spell it whether it has a different meaning Predominant pressure Seasonal fluctuation of pressure Atmospheric Circulation Ocean circulation Jan and July temps Values used for Koppen System World climate map Koppen Climate System Overall temperature Evaporation compared to precipitation Absolute rainfall Rainfall distribution Extreme temperature A tropical wet monsoon dry w s B dry desert steppe low mid latitude C humid mid latitude mild winter wett summer dry d summer westt coast t D humid mid latitude severe winter E polar tundra ice cap H highland modified version of local lowland area cooler moister 1 Af Tropical rainforest A Tropical climates Monsoon Climate A Climatic diagrams NEVER COLD Rain forest always wet Monsoon extreme seasonal rainfall Savannah very dry months Tropical Monsoon Aw Tropical Savannah Due to arrival of ITCZ in a local area at a certain season ITCZ migrates out of area leaving a distinct dry season Southern Asia Sothwestern Pacific islands Western Equatorial Africa Northeastern South America http www freewebs com scienceandsociety summermonsoonpdem2 gif Tropical Savanna Subtropical desert Never cold Pronounced dry season lasts longer than wet season Wet W t season isn t i t as wett as monsoon climate B Dry climates EVAPORATION POTENTIAL EXCEEDS PRECIPITATION Low latitude deserts always warm Subtropical S bt i l hi high h pressure 20 30 N and S of equator Mid latitude deserts can be quite cold Further poleward than low latitude deserts Rain shadow effect http www gerber travel ch Tours libya 1999 5 htm 2 Cold desert B Cilmate Diagrams Steppe Climate Transition from desert climate to another climate next to the desert Not as dry as desert Desert D th has more evaporation ti compared d tto rainfall than steppe Dessert mmm cake Do you see they are spelled differently http www asphalto org user id 907 PHPSESSID a55 Sub tropical Steppe http os inf tu dresden de nf2 nz farewell C Mild mid latitude climate Mid latitude steppe Worldwide arid zones http 61966 rapidforum com topic 101082217975 Mild Humid wet all year Mild Dry summer climate Humid MILD WINTER Divisions Hot summer dry or wet Warm summer dry or wet Marine west coastal climate unique subdivision of dry summer that extends far poleward of other mild climates Moderated by the ocean and the westerlies http usparks about com od nationalparksus ig santamonicaphotos Scenery11 htm http www us parks com images everglades national park plantlife of everglades p 3629 m jpg 3 C Climate Diagrams Marine west coast Coastal Alaska Northern mild climate due to incoming moist air from ocean by westerlies http thewondersofnature com bears co scenery 01 html http www uwsp edu geo faculty ritter geog101 textbook climate systems marine west coast html D Severe mid latitude D Climate Diagrams Humid continental severe winter SEVERE WINTERS Humid continental Cold winter Wet W t summer Hardwood forests Subarctic Not warm in summer Needle leaf evergreens Taiga http www public iastate edu glh NATREGION FRONTIMAGES front6 jpg Midlatitude humid continental Taiga Midlatitude humid continental http www uwsp edu geo faculty ritter geog101 textbook biogeography biomes midlatitude forests page 1 html http www uwsp edu geo faculty ritter geog101 textbook biogeography biomes midlatitude forests page 1 html 4 E Polar climate Tundra E Climate Diagrams World climate map Highland TOO COLD FOR TREES Tundra some month is above freezing Ice cap no months are above freezing Ice cap climate Modified version of local climate Cooler moister http www uwsp edu geo faculty ritter geog101 textbook climate systems icecap html Lowland adjacent to H Highland difference H compared to adjacent climate 5
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