IR 210 1st Edition Lecture 26 Current Lecture Wilsonianism can be viewed as a bottomless cornucopia from which policy makers can snatch an idealistic justification complete with inspiring rhetoric for pursuig whatever strategy suits them Ron Steel Wilson wrongly considered an idealist he was more of a controller and shaper Americans marginalize people who are utopians Using Wilsonianism to refer to people who are utopians Abstainer controller or shaper o Between controller and shaper in terms of trying to get America more involved Woodrow Wilson 1856 1924 24th President Professor of political science and public policy Saintly idealist or crusading imperialist o People who are critical of Wilson Four C s capitalism colonialism Christianity and coercion Big promoter of capitalism Out front of Christian values Theodore Roosevelt way of colonialism Not afraid to use military force Patron saint of Neocons o Considered Wilsonian because they took Wilsonian ideals and try to construct world around it o Bill Crystal Richard Pearl Prince of Darkness o Prince of peace or inspiration for constructing the world according to American principles o Niebhur these guys believe in American exceptionalism o Idealism and hubris Wilsonian Triad o Rule of Law Grotian notion o Democracy Capitalism Kant o Arms Control Just law rule based system o Add a couple more Decolonization Univeral notion should everyone have a right to a state Grotian Kantian Some form of global governance and world order Grotian Kantian Realist Criticism o Wilsonianism was idealism moralism and utopianism o Whose histories to these reflect Experience of US government and US history o Origins in US History Break British mercantilism open capitalist system Belief is self determination and self reliance Force and militarism a poor way to settle conflicts o Realists were wrong o Wilson was trying to organize the world to meet needs of the US economically and politically o See in the 14 Points 1 open diplomacy Transparency minimizing double crossing 2 freedom of navigation Grotius 3 no economic barriers No mercantilism 4 arms control 5 decolonization 6 13 self determination equality of states 14 League of Nations Replacing uncertain balance of power by building an international community based on collective security o Opposition to 14 Points US Senate opposition was a rejection of US political leadership and not US global activism Fear of being dragged in to European wars Modern Voices System Reformer The Wilsonian Tradition Replace balance of power with a collective security organization o UN NATO o Engrained in what we do in the international system States sovereign democratic and capitalist Rule based system that balances national interest with interest of others o Wilson problems that require we pool our resources doesn t mean we have to give up sovereignty we need to balance national interests o We are more willing to cooperate in areas of low politics not issues of high security Cooperation in areas of sensitivity independence doesn t affect core issues What do we expect state to do We won t rely on somebody else for first three too dependent Not utopian world government o Global governance is not world government Clearly Eurocentric Roman law commerce capitalism Christianity create an international community Community maintained by forces of popular though press culture and representative governments o Your survival depends on survival of system actions are based on certain values values of Western governance o Idea of Bureaucratic Indifference o Governing culture Reformist notions based on ideas of Edmund Burke o Edmund Burke definition of a conservative buying off ways to prevent reform Inspired by post WW1 peace movement Jane Addams 1860 1935 Feminist pacifist humanitarian Focus on poverty and violence locally and globally Nobel peace prize in 1931 look up speech Peace and War in the Time of War 1922 o A plea for peace and human security Call by US conservatives the most dangerous woman in America Women s international league for peace and freedom o Goals Global politics should be based on good will and rule of law Make war obsolete or last resort Providing for basic human needs Dorothy Day Catholic Workers Party Post WW2 and Vietnam Modern Reform Internationalists look at study sheets ICC Jubilee movement for debt relief Zero nuke movement by students Landmines Conventional arms Child soldiers R2P Professor Bruce Cronin calls these international protection regimes Regimes that promote the common good o Maintainers national security o Reformers common security o Transformers human security Reflect goals of the community of states Collective view of justice stability and common interests Difficult to create and maintain because of priorities of every state Primary goal of every state domestic interests o Not going to change Secondary goal international society of states common collective o Create R2P here Third goal distant the human community o Here to implement R2P Immanuel Kant 1724 1804 Inspired reformers and transformers Wight saw him as a revolutionist or transformer Cosmopolitan system as a transformer More perfect state system as a reformer As a scholar had an emphasis on reason o 1783 essay contest Sapere Aude Have the Courage to Know o Objectives Skepticism all idea must face scrutiny Today people look for echoes of their own views Tolerance consider honor all legitimate ideas Guarded Optimism through reason humans regardless of traditions and culture discover the universal rules by which we should live our lives Tradition in IR o Abolish war make it unattractive unthinkable as a policy option Unattractive in terms of blood treasure economic costs Costs of war push cooperation democratic peace argument those with higher values will socialize others o Learning education is a path to positive ends Men possess a moral capacity Can be taught to set aside self interests o Deal with anarchy by creating a federation of small republics Citizens will never develop a loyalty to a world government European Union o Eliminate standing armies Standing armies fuel arms races expensive and can be a negative political force We want a citizen army o Increase moral interdependence and moral freedom individual autonomy Knowledge and experience leads to moral interdependence Between societies o Enlightenment humankind as problem solvers Duty to explore utopian ideas Starting with what ought to be not what is o Leaders and states