IR 210 1st Edition Lecture 26 Current LectureWilsonianism can be viewed as a bottomless cornucopia from which policy-makers can snatch an idealistic justification, complete with inspiring rhetoric for pursuig whatever strategy suits them. -Ron SteelWilson wrongly considered an idealist; he was more of a controller and shaper. - Americans marginalize people who are utopians- Using Wilsonianism to refer to people who are utopians- Abstainer, controller, or shapero Between controller and shaper in terms of trying to get America more involvedWoodrow Wilson (1856-1924): 24th President- Professor of political science and public policy- Saintly idealist or crusading imperialist?o People who are critical of Wilson  Four C’s: capitalism, colonialism, Christianity,and coercion Big promoter of capitalism Out front of Christian values Theodore Roosevelt way of colonialism Not afraid to use military force- Patron saint of Neoconso Considered Wilsonian because they took Wilsonian ideals and try to construct world around ito Bill Crystal, Richard Pearl (Prince of Darkness)o Prince of peace or inspiration for constructing the world according to American principleso Niebhur  these guys believe in American exceptionalismo Idealism and hubris- Wilsonian Triado Rule of Law Grotian notiono Democracy/Capitalism Kanto Arms Control Just law, rule-based systemo Add a couple more… Decolonization- Univeral notion, should everyone have a right to a state?, Grotian/Kantian Some form of global governance and world order- Grotian/Kantian- Realist Criticismo Wilsonianism was idealism, moralism, and utopianismo Whose histories to these reflect? Experience of US government, and US historyo Origins in US History Break British mercantilism  open capitalist system Belief is self-determination and self-reliance Force and militarism a poor way to settle conflictso Realists were wrongo Wilson was trying to organize the world to meet needs of the US—economically and politicallyo See in the 14 Points 1: open diplomacy- Transparency, minimizing double-crossing 2: freedom of navigation- Grotius 3: no economic barriers- No mercantilism 4: arms control 5: decolonization 6-13: self determination, equality of states 14: League of Nations- Replacing uncertain balance of power by building an international community based on collective securityo Opposition to 14 Points US Senate opposition was a rejection of US political leadership and not USglobal activism  Fear of being dragged in to European warsModern Voices: System Reformer, The Wilsonian Tradition- Replace balance of power with a collective security organization o UN, NATOo Engrained in what we do in the international system- States: sovereign, democratic, and capitalist- Rule-based system that balances national interest with interest of otherso Wilson: problems that require we pool our resources, doesn’t mean we have to give up sovereignty, we need to balance national interestso We are more willing to cooperate in areas of “low” politics (not issues of high security) Cooperation in areas of sensitivity independence, doesn’t affect core issues What do we expect state to do? We won’t rely on somebody else for first three  too dependent. - Not utopian world governmento Global governance is not world government - Clearly Eurocentric: Roman law, commerce/capitalism, Christianity create an international community - Community maintained by forces of popular though, press, culture, and representative governmentso Your survival depends on survival of system, actions are based on certain values—values of Western governanceo Idea of Bureaucratic Indifference o Governing culture- Reformist notions based on ideas of Edmund Burkeo Edmund Burke definition of a conservative: buying off ways to prevent reform- Inspired by post WW1 peace movementJane Addams (1860-1935)- Feminist, pacifist, humanitarian- Focus on poverty and violence—locally and globally- Nobel peace prize in 1931 (look up speech)- Peace and War in the Time of War (1922)o A plea for peace and human security- Call by US conservatives, the most dangerous woman in America- Women’s international league for peace and freedomo Goals:  Global politics should be based on good will and rule of law Make war obsolete or last resort Providing for basic human needsDorothy Day- Catholic Workers’ Party- Post WW2 and VietnamModern Reform Internationalists (look at study sheets)- ICC- Jubilee movement for debt relief- Zero-nuke movement by students- Landmines- Conventional arms- Child soldiers- R2PProfessor Bruce Cronin calls these international protection regimes- Regimes that promote the common goodo Maintainers: national securityo Reformers: common securityo Transformers: human security- Reflect goals of the community of states- Collective view of justice, stability, and common interests- Difficult to create and maintain because of priorities of every state- Primary goal of every state  domestic interestso Not going to change- Secondary goal  international society of states, common collectiveo Create R2P here- Third goal (distant): the human community o Here to implement R2PImmanuel Kant (1724-1804)- Inspired reformers and transformers- Wight saw him as a revolutionist or transformer- Cosmopolitan system as a transformer- More perfect state system as a reformer - As a scholar had an emphasis on reasono 1783 essay contest: Sapere Aude, Have the Courage to Knowo Objectives Skepticism: all idea must face scrutiny- Today people look for echoes of their own views Tolerance: consider honor all legitimate ideas Guarded Optimism: through reason humans regardless of traditions and culture, discover the universal rules by which we should live our lives- Tradition in IRo Abolish war: make it unattractive/unthinkable as a policy option Unattractive in terms of blood, treasure, economic costsCosts of war push cooperation, democratic peace argument, those with higher values will socialize otherso Learning/education is a path to positive endsMen possess a moral capacityCan be taught to set aside self-interestso Deal with anarchy by creating a federation of small republicsCitizens will never develop a loyalty to a world government European Uniono Eliminate standing armiesStanding armies fuel arms