IR 210 1st Edition Lecture 15 Current LectureThe momentum of the heating, and the momentum of the economy that powers it, can’t be turned off quickly enough to prevent hideous damage.-Bill McKibben- A world of weather weirding- Natural world—exploited and abused by actors In all policy worldsNGOs, informational associations, and loose collaborations are forming a vast number of connections across national borders and inserting themselves into a wide range of decision-making processes on issues from international security to human rightsAre NGOs taking power away from states or are they making it easy for states to survive? Are they filling in when states are fragile or failing? (not a worldview question)- Providing services that keep society stable- Prevent radical transformation- Allows leaders of states to stay in power but not doing what they’re supposed to do—NGOs are filling in- NGOs are enabling states to keep doing what they’re not doing- We’ve learned that the state is supposed to do these activities, at the very basic point states have to do defining activities, NGOs often have to step and help a state do the defining activities - What does a Machiavellian think? Definition of power? o Hard power vs. soft power, NGOs provide soft powerWhat should the United States do in Iran? (worldview question)Foundations - Non-state actor established as a charitable trust or a not-for-profit INGO, making grants to institutions or individuals- Sources for funds and change- Fund epistemic communities/knowledge society—experts in a given field that seek to understand a problem and prescribe solutions to them- Gates Foundation: supports projects in over 100 countries- Rockerfeller Foundation: promote the well-being of humanity- New theme  smart globalization (a world in which globalization’s benefits are more widely shared)- Macarthur Foundation: security, peace, and ending nuclear proliferationThink Tanks and Research Institutes- Provide critical information and expertise- Incubators for government specialists- Policy analysis and evaluation- Foreign Policy Research Institute: identified 5,000 think tanks in 169 countries, 60% in US, Europe, and Canada- Complexity if global challenges requires more research- What is important to study?- Complexity of global challenges requires more researchCriminal and Terrorist Networks Wars we are not winning: human trafficking, drug trade, piracy, end of policy world discussionControversies in the Social World1. The Power Shift Issue: Are global civil society actors taking power away from states?a. Do they help states provide for citizens in rough times?b. Do they take over for states causing governments to never fix things because NGOs are there?2. Transparency Issues: Who or what do these groups represent?a. Political Super Pacsb. Accountability: Where do your contributions go?3. Some NGOs have become like mega-corporations, elitisma. Crowding out smaller and more local groups4. A new form of western colonialism or paternalism?a. Giving outsiders with an agenda, too much powerb. Problem in the cultural and political world, there is a collision here5. Concentration of knowledge production in the core statesa. Colleges, brain drainAll four worlds depend on resources and environmental conditions for wealth and power. Short term versus long term thinking Global Governance: 21.1 Sustainable development Environmental Issues: post-poners, incrementalists, zealotso Zealots: have a very strong green position Critical Issues: energy resources, clean water and air, climate change, resource wars (World War 4? Andrew Bacevich) Resource refugees and resource capture  Scarcity and conflict Extreme weather resulting in drought and starvation in fragile states Outside intervention: neo-colonialism to control resources Regimes to govern the global commonsEconomic World- Accumulation of wealth mostly dependent on nonrenewable resources, fossil fuels- Increased vulnerability: slow moving Cuban missile crisis- As green rules increase in one state the result is an increased search for areas with no ruleso Paint companies in Los Angeles moving to Mexico- Climate change increases costs of commerce- Key Problem: no economic belief system values the environment as more than a useablecommodity Cultural World- Religion: rapture idea, conservative Christians- Earth is for us to use and once depleted—rapture/end of the world- Stewardship view: we are stewards of God’s gift, the Earth- Popular culture: spread of consumerism vs. rising tide of environmentalism- []Political culture: capitalism/sovereignty issue vs. environmental issues rarely respect boundaries (acid rain, pollution from China) Social World- NGOs, Think Thanks, Foundations and scientists pushing for a change in conventional