IR 210 1st Edition Lecture 13 Current Lecture The real axis of evil is environmental degradation the pandemic of global poverty and weapons of mass destruction William Sloan Coffin End of Section Exercise What is Jessica s Matthews key argument for why power is shifting away from the state Questions Why do celebrities have so much influence What kind of power do non state actors like TSMOs and NGOs have to influence the foreign policy of nation states and shape global policy Is power shifting away from states What strategies do TSMOs TANs use to influence states Fourth World Social World Global Civil Society 1 The world of non state actors a Proliferation of NGOs as government begins to pull back in certain areas b Not for profit NGOs TSMOs TANs foundations think tanks research institutes universities c For profit MNCs TNCs d Celebrity diplomacy individuals with influence due to expertise or place in popular culture e Many of these actors emerge in response to a simple questions Who could help tomorrow if we want to address this issue i Governments run by Machiavellians see NGOs as interest groups representing too progressive causes and not representative of national causes f Public actors have national interests have a particularistic view i Employee of the French government cares about representing his her citizens limited view g Global civil society has a human view universal view Kantian perspective A Celebrity Diplomacy a Bonoization of diplomacy b Globalization of popular culture pushes this form of diplomacy i Celebrities become point people global actor c Mantra of celebrities i Ambactiare go on a mission Latin Ambassador ii Usual target of celebrity activism 1 Global governance UN UNICEF World Health Organization a Might have a spokesperson who is a celebrity to improve these organization 2 Natural Disasters Sean Penn 3 Human Security freedom from fear preventing conflict wars terrorism and want development issues poverty hunger 4 Environment 5 Human Rights iii Celebrities are not just symbols often they see themselves as moral entrepreneurs 1 Individuals who are pushing a moral cause moral leaders 2 Increase credibility private actions affect celebrities abilities to act as a moral leaders iv Celebrity activism is not new movie TV radio sports authors etc v Global K Pop wrote a song about the G20 d Why so prevalent and influential today i Andrew Cooper Celebrity Diplomacy 2008 1 Public perception maybe emotional or psychological tendencies a Celebrities have influence because of their statues and credibility they can sell anything ideas material goods services and commitments to causes 2 Campaign for ending land mines Princess Diana ICBL had 2000 NGOs and countries most sensitive to issue to join countries that are social democracies moral entrepreneurs Hislandt moral guide seeking Niche diplomacy 3 Globalization has transformed information technology a Local images and messages global images and messages ii Bob Geldof Electronic Loop Around the Planet 1 Critique of traditional diplomacy 2 Celebrity diplomacy suggests that traditional diplomacy is too slow and linked to national interests particularistic view 3 Everyone is a diplomat or a public voice 4 Public diplomacy and advocacy 5 Technology has made selling of images readily available to everyone e A tradition of humanism set against and at times defying the tradition of statism i Talking about world without borders boundaries f Celebrities can be agile helpful contradictory outrageous and insulting i Risk attached to celebrity diplomacy celebrity misrepresenting a particular cause ii Preference for someone to speak for them rather than speaking for themselves iii We look for symbols to represent the stuff we don t want to read think about learn B International NGOs a Core of global civil society b 7500 true NGOs c not all NGOs do war floods and refugees d Hurrell Self organized intermediary groups that are relatively independent of both public authorities and private economic actors e Not all reformers and transformers i Some that are very conservative maintainer groups f Involved in i Production of knowledge research Human Rights Watch congressman needing information to help in policy decision making ii Promotion of norms values and rules security issues good global governance not using land mines just war child soldiers iii Dissemination of information events iv Supporting policy and policy makers v Providing services g Not a new thing International Red Cross founded in 1859 h Nobel Prize 1917 1944 1963 i Save the Children Post WW1 j MSF After Biafran Civil War in Nigeria k Types of NGOs i RINGOs religious NGOs 1 Worldvision AFSC Quaker group very progressive Caritas liberation theology Ploughshares Mennonite organization limitation of conventional arms Church World Services ii BINGOs controlled by corporations NGOs aimed at promoting business and free market 1 Center for the Defense of Free Enterprise Chamber of Commerce CATO Institute iii GRINGOs government regulated and initiated watch over global civil society done by an authoritarian country China paid for and created by government to make sure other NGOs are not doing things the government doesn t like infiltration spies iv QUANGOs quasi NGOs most fund from public sources still independent partnerships with governments or regional and international organizations 1 EU 67 of aid distributed by NGOs gives most aid to NGOs 2 OXFAM 25 50 funding from government sources funding for NGOs also come from foundations and individuals Ford Skoll Gates Soros Branson Tata and others l 3 Clinton Global Initiative over 1 5 billion to projects a Mobil phone network in Gaza Strip b Clean water in Africa c HIV AIDS d Research on climate change e Rebuilding after natural disasters 4 Tony Blair Faith Foundation a Faith and globalization research response to Huntington s argument for the clash of civilizations b More practical projects malaria nets v Goal of these projects and initiatives collective actions public and private partnerships Transnational or global social movements mode of collective action that may challenge dominant power structures seek to resolve global problems fill in when public authorities fail to act step in to provide resources for a failed state and promote reform or transformation of public institutions at local to global levels m TSMOs TANS networks of activists motivated by a cause a desire to solve a problem or a set of ideas or values i Major