IR 210 1st Edition Lecture 3 Current Lecture 1 A reminder What are the basic skills that we will practice in IR 2 Capt Rockwood case final thoughts A potential exam question I would use the Rockwood case to illustrate 3 Why this focus on worldviews or contending theoretical traditions in this course Application morality and ethics 4 IR scholar as surfer the intellectual development of the field of IR In any period the political object of struggle is to determine who rules In this century the question has been the far most momentous one of how rule should be structured How should we intervene In the Cold War there were two rulebooks Our rulebook and the Soviet Union rulebook We won Now it is about how the rule book should be applied In Bush s Senior presidency he talked about the Gulf War and Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait Not okay because it violates international law since Kuwait is a sovereignty He talked about the new world order the American way of doing things the rule of law you can not invade another country because you feel like it For many years our international sextet was stop communism Now our sextet is promoting and spreading democracy and capitalism Does this quote give us any insights into Rockwood s worldview and his behavior Why did the US intervene o Haitian refugee issue illegal immigrants o Elections coming up o Domestic reasons concern about America s image order in Florida o Humanitarian reasons unstable region atrocities occuring This was a form of humanitarian intervention Why intervene Purpose of US intervention Do we have a responsibility to intervene Machiavellians yes threat to national security our image will be hurt our power will be hurt containment o Install a government that likes us and a strong military to back it up Grotian Organization of American States go through an organization choose someone to lead but not you we want to follow international law but we don t want to be seen as the hegemonic power o Peacekeeping force Latin American state Chile o Multilateral action o UN to have a referendum Kantian do the same thing as the Grotians maybe more use of NGOs o Grotian more attracted to the Kantian way not going through UN o Regional organization over UN Is Haiti a failed state How is that a security challenge for the US and the region Security challenge Instability might spread to American states Consider the lessons and the question I would use the Rockwood Case to illustrate Use case studies as evidence for exam questions Critical thinking in IR Why a contending worldviews approach A diagram for analyzing international relations 1 Worldviews a Transformers Reformers Maintainers 2 Critical Thinking DEPPP skills a DEPPP i Describe Describe issue event based on worldview belief system ii Explain Give reasons for how your description best analyzes the issue iii Predict What does your worldview say will be the most likely end result for the issue iv Prescribe What methods and strategies might work best to achieve your predicted result v Participate Provide practical methods for citizens and governments b Social Historian Constructivist 3 Five Worlds Important Questions Who informs you and where do you get your information What s is your worldview How do you form your opinions Do you consider other worldviews besides your own Bouding The people whose decisions determine the policies and actions of nations do not respond to the objective facts of the situations whatever that may mean but their image of the situation It is what we think the world is like not what it is really like that determines our behavior Our worldview has an affective and cognitive side Problems in the world are caused by our lack of understanding of other culture s images Worldview images of the world theory facts ordering of priorities evaluation of policy selection of policy and strategy policy action Benefits of worldview analysis Provides multiple interpretations of reality Seeing world through one worldview leads to rejection of all other info range of acceptance narrows if dogmatic about worldviews Less open you are to other worldviews more resistant to change By accepting other worldviews increase chances of finding workable solutions to complex problems Acts as an info processing system worldview lighten the burden of decision making Fisher a former diplomat Six functions of a worldview 1 Agenda for priorities and strategies for achieving a Simplifies things b I am a Machiavellian 2 Constrains behavior of states and individuals a We don t do that in the US b Tells us who we are 3 Stability and continuity 4 Justify policy actions a Kyoto Protocol US capitalism is more important that environmentalism b ICC we didn t sign it 5 Decision makers cope with complexity ad controversy 6 Build or enhance national unity national political culture We act to what we believe is reason and reality Contending Theories By the end of the class this is the issue these are the three standpoints this is my view and why Place of Morality and ethical behavior in IR Realists Morgenthau and Niebuhr Human nature is fundamentally corrupt and self centered but it also contains rational moral and religious resources help us avoid worst outcomes Kennan The process of government is a practical exercise and not a moral one o Not about morality this is the political world we need to get things done Morality has an instrumental political role Spykman the search for power is not made for the achievement of moral values Moral values are used to facilitate the attainment of power o Don t you like us Ethical act for Kantian you do something that is moral and you don t get anything in return Other end of theoretical spectrum Kantians Universalists Categorical imperative demand of practical reason that informs the activity of all rational agents o Act according to the notion that your behavior becomes the norm for all other behaviors Practical reason forbids all indiscriminate killing intentional lying and other acts violating the rights of citizens in global community Kant o Sees state as a moral person Duality of morality Moral purpose for state and moral purpose for individual o States that all persons own the earth and resources o States our being human means that all strive for perpetual peace What about grotian reform internationalists They want to reform the system to make it better Natural law applies we all have rights and duties Act utilitarians policies and actions o Action