IR 210 1st Edition Lecture 10 Current LectureIn the age of globalization the relationship with the Other has become more fundamental than ever.-Dominique MoisiMust we be tolerant of those who are not tolerant of us?-Not really dealt with by IR-IR deals with state, doesn’t go into stateFinal Question: What are the general lessons learned from case studies?Case Study 1- How do worlds collide?- General lessonso “I” vs. “We”: emphasis on individualism, freedom to do what you what, community values, sense of stability within community o Internationalization of domestic politicso Tension between political cultures and nation-stateso Impact of one’s history on current political culture  sets up agendao Domino effect, setting a precedent, purpose of a corporation, two competing goalsThe Cultural World: Chapter 25Three Dimensions:1. Traditional Culture: the world of beliefs and practices creates cultural identitiesa. One’s race, religion, language create an identity for an individual and make them part of a community2. Popular Culture: global consumer culture, music, literature, the arts, and sports3. Political Culture: domestic and globala. Domestic: norm, values, and traditions promoted by political institutionsb. Global: dominant political values, norms, rules and practices promoted by regimes, international and regional organization, treaties and informal interactionsc. Western/US rule-bookCharles Taylor view that globalization is pushing three values over more traditional ones:- Individualism: “I” over “we”, loss of community- Dominance of instrumental thinking/Decisions are made on cost-benefit analysis- Over reliance on technology limits choices and alternativesHow might that influence a traditional culture?- Force of globalizationAre we becoming a single global culture?- Yes: Friedman’s Golden Straight Jacketo One highway, different speeds- No: World Christian Encyclopedia  9,900 distinct religions/2 to 3 added each dayo Diversity- Yes: spread of western legal system and systems of governance (integration and collaboration)- No: increase in the number of ethnic political organization, NGOs, and fundamentalists movements How are ethnic/cultural communities reacting to globalization?- Protective Movements:o Reaffirmation and promotion of core valueso Don’t want outsiders to have influenceEthnic groups that see their identity as being threatened  keep the world out or limit interactio- Entreprenurisl Communities: ethnic communities that see and opportunity to grow in power and influenceMake the world oursWhere do fundamentalists like Al Qaeda fit?Traditional Culturea. Who we are?b. What should we do?c. Who they are?What do cultural/ethnic groups want?- Rejection of the secular state- Did not buy into the argument that modernization = the state/secular citizenship is moreimportant than other identitieso State can ask you to pay taxes, go to war, obligations to the state- Want autonomy, their own stateo Sharia lawFour Possible Levels of Ethnic Identity:1. State Nationalists: full assimilation, melting pot2. Social Ethnics: partial identity with ethnic group3. Communal Ethnics: more exclusivity and encapsulationa. Society develops in pillarsb. Consociationalism: only way to keep stability is keep ethnic groups separate i. Creation of an elite class to maintain stabilityc. Future challenge: multiple identities and competing loyalties4. Ethnonationalism/Separatista. Basque in Spain, conflict in Ireland, Congo, RwandaThe Rise of Intolerance?- Communal violence- Hate groups- Communal ethnics/ethnonationalists- Tolerance of other cultures comes with education, prosperity, curiosity, openness to newideas, and critical thinking Other reasons for intolerance:- State no longer gaining loyalty and identity (Castells)- Competition over scarce resources and opportunities- Cultures colliding—movement of people- Misinformation or stereotyping/scapegoating- Relative deprivation: sociologica term, racists, you perceive that everyone is getting more than you- Bolded points are important in times of crisisHow did the world get it so wrong?Assumption: modernization would lead to educated citizens  open-minded & tolerantPrimordial affiliations replaced by national