IR 210 1st Edition Lecture 9 Current LectureThe alleged clash between freedom and security turns out to be chimera. For there is no freedom if it not secured y the state; and conversely, only a state which is controlled by free citizens can offer them any reasonable security.-Karl PopperPolicing Internet- Policing globalization: globalization is only good if it serves our interestsREVIEW QUESTIONS:What is the difference between offensive and defensive realists?Which view is dominant in the US?- Offensive realistsWhat do we mean by the concept of a security state?- Permanent war economyPolitical/Military World: ControversiesA. Widening of Security Agenda: “Securitization”a. Considerationsi. Re-election, reputation/image, grabbing attention, framing environmentalissues as a security threatB. New global security challenges that threaten sovereignty and stabilitya. HIV/AIDS  great gap between old and young, effects economy and stability of state, government is challenged, young are left without parents, increase of refugees, economic/state collapseC. Spread of conventional weapons and misuse by extralegal forcesa. Life of a gunb. Political cultureD. Civil wars and identity wars, new and old warsa. New wars: wars within states about identity, ethnic warfare, civilian deathb. Old wars: wars about territory, colonizationE. Capacity of state to act challenged by budgets and domestic politicsF. Controversies raised by R2P and other forms of humanitarian interventiona. Libya and Syriab. Rockwood CaseG. States pressured by NGOs and civil societyH. Fundamentalism and xenophobic nationalisma. Language of people running for officeI. Controlling WMDSa. Loose geeksb. Iran: getting help from Pakistan regarding nuclear weaponsJ. Challenges to rules of war and just war practices and normsa. Joe Nye’s Dimensions of Military Power chartK. The role of military force as a tool of statecrafta. What role should military actually play? How do you use the military?Who should respond? How?- Pandemics- Climate change and weather- Wierding?- Criminal networks- Cyber warfare- Poverty- Resource scarcity With today’s case in mind, consider this statement made in 1996 in The Economist:The knowledge era is spreading economic ideas, and these ideas have three cultural effects, notone. They make cultures rub against each other, causing international friction. They also tie cultures together, which offsets the first effect. And they may well increase tensions within a cultural area as some groups accommodate themselves to the world while others turn their backs on it. - 4 Optionso Market mechanismso Structured options: taxes on certain actionso Regulation- “I” over “We”- We don’t see responsibility to a larger whole - Everythng as a technological fix?- Technology limits our choices1. Traditional Culturea. Religion, race, language groups, ethnic communitiesb. Ascribed status (identity at birth) versus achieved status (class)i. Who you are and who they arec. Considered primordial in secular world2. Political Culturea. Yahoo: capitalism, free market trade, individual freedomb. Within states and globallyc. Rules of the game: competing views at home and abroad3. Popular Culturea. Global consumer cultureb. Arts and entertainmentc. Yahoo and Facebookd. Driver is globalization and the global market placee. Westtoxicationf. DisneyficationBut challenges to all cultures as we see in our case study, what is power in the cultural world? (control over meaning) Is this what this case is all about?Case Study: Political World vs. Economic