IR 210 1st Edition Lecture 12 Current Lecture To be truly liberated intellectually and thus politically is to acknowledge uncertainty and eschew all projects that reek of sovereign voices and intellectual closure Kal Holsti In terms of our discussion about the cultural world what is the meaning here What is power in the cultural world Control over meaning Recognize reliability of sources Where do you get your information Third Dimension of Culture Political Culture National Operational Code Operational Code how you operationalize philosophical beliefs Globalization of western ideals values and practices began with the movement of monks religious movements European imperialism and conquest Questioning and rejecting of ideas happens in times of crisis o Greece Capitalist system State s ability to provide for you people in political power Membership in the European Union Grotian system rule of law treaties Might vote for a state capitalist nationalist very Machiavellian and neomercantilist in policies End of WWI liberalism and Wilsonian ideals Beginning of the Marxist alternative collective self reliance breaking dependency on Western factories End of WWII liberalism Soviet totalitarianism third world socialism Wilsonian Triad 1 Disarmament arms control peace 2 Democracy rule of law 3 Free market ad regimes aimed at managing global economy Liberal vision and liberal hegemony post WWII Soviet system rejected Alternatives did develop o Dependencia Latin American view self reliance liberation theology and deep ecologist views Dependencia periphery and core capitalism by nature serves core states and keep periphery states down search for cheaper goods resources Marxists priests Deep ecologists Today most international regimes promote principles rules and procedures that reflect democratic and capitalist ideas Most NGOs and MNCs are pushing a liberal agenda resistance to the colonization of the mind o Western view domination of culture homogenization of culture is growing o Preventing the nurturing of local dreams o Disneyfication or cokeacolonization o Death of diversity promoting efficiency and profit over diversity and authenticity Bottle babies New world information and communication order o Most media is controlled by four major news agencies o Monopoly over information Occupy movement Anti globalization view Deep green ecological views Key Question Are we spreading the enlightenment or are we crowding out other cultural ideas that might be of value Depends on worldview Kantian only one part of human society that is being hurt include more voices in our discussion think about how we marginalize alternative voices Controversies in Cultural World Who controls the production of knowledge how alternative or minority voices are marginalized Loss of cultural identity Ethnic conflict civil wars ethnic cleansing genocide Our concern should be about the low priority accorded to the moral dimensions of foreign policy by the sort of commitments that have been made to end genocidal politics Richard Falk Rise of fundamentalism and intolerance for the other o Ex Huntington s clash of civilization Another realist argument looking for an enemy The need for an enemy part of a political culture Culture and cultural identities will shape patterns of cohesion disintegration and conflict for the future Global politics played out in a multi polar and multi civilizational world West in decline Islamic pop growing Asia growing and becoming more powerful and influential US must lead the west to stop decline Lead the west to make sure west is not overcome by non western civilizations Argument first dismisses but 9 11 wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and economic crisis in face of Chinese and Indian prosperity has fueled this point of view Critics of Huntington Aartya Sen o Civilizations are mixtures of many cultures o People have plural identities o No monolithic civilizations Edward Said o Huntington s argument a new rationale for global activism o Will this be a new foreign policy sextant for the US o Jimmy Carter s noble lie human rights o Every civilization is pluralistic and only misinformed and demagogues would say they speak for al members of a cultural community o Huntington s argument is a call to arms for the west o Interdependence brings culture together peacefully learning o In rationalist enlightenment form where is the discussion of education and cultural understanding Things about cultural world Control over meaning Traditional culture religious leaders are major actor helps define who we are and who they are establishes the other ethno nationalism 4 options of identity Assume primordial identities would go away Political culture Wilsonian Triad Dependencia model Popular culture resistance to Westoxification but US is not always just dumping on everyone else US is becoming more aware multiple ethnicities in major cities Fourth World Social World or Global Civil Society A world that is most important to reform internationalists Grotian and English school solidarist That space between public sector or government and the business sector for profit private sector Private associations with broad interests o Many are developed as problem solves Filling a void where governments may fail When bad men combine the good must associate else they will fall one by one an unpitied sacrifice in a contemptible struggle Edmund Burke Very Western if not American Wherever at the head of some new undertaking you see the government in France or a man of rank in England in the US you will be sure to fin an association Alexis de Tocqueville Notion of NGO Who is leading innovation