IR 210 1st Edition Lecture 8 Current Lecture Global Governance in the New Arctic Power is as vital today as ever in securing national interests It remains the necessary means to all important international ends the principal coin of the realm Leslie Gelb Man without laws it the lowest of animals Aristotle Political World Questions 1 Describe the international system Westphalian English school 2 Who are the primary actors in this policy world a Depends on worldview b Machiavellian realist states powerful states c Grotian reform internationalist states international regimes d Moving towards regime governance e Kantians 3 How are states organized Options a Pluralistic democracy b Neopluralistic c Corporatism d Social Democracy e Totalitarianism Political Culture How does political culture shape policy choices and strategies Traditions values norms beliefs that make up a society s story or narrative Defines what is possible and acceptable politically Every culture has domestic belief systems and myths stories that act as a societal glue Justify and promote policy positions Rosenau and Holsti s Three 1 Free enterprisers 2 Egalitarians 3 Quality of lifers a Living with less moving away from materialism Robert Reich s Myths Rot at the top we don t like the elite nobody wants to be rich we don t like people who are in office for a long time career politicians Mob at the gates immigration issue Triumphant individual don t expect someone to help you Benevolent community rely on community not government Myths may not be true but promoted in popular culture How do these myths shape policy o Economic interests people with skills we want development assistant o If you re the secretary for AID what policies would make in light of the election Easy aid to NGOs benevolent communities Money to universities triumphant individual Fulbright students National Image Studies Nordics as gidsland place in the world is to be the moral leaders reflects domestic political culture o Purpose of aid promote social democracies around the world Dutch peace profits and principles China middle kingdom center of the world states around China are vassals US exceptional nation or indispensible power Operational Code core political beliefs and how you apply them Threat of International System anarchic zero sum game my gains are your losses reward friends punish enemies Domestic political culture and national operational code combines with international factors shape foreign policy and security strategies Posen and Ross Primacy we need to be the strongest power in the world concerned with our absolute and relative power Selective Engagement we don t have to be the strongest in the world we just have just have to involve our self in military activities that are of benefit to us military power in the ME Europe etc Cooperative Security alliances Neoisolationism use military power to protect US and leave rest of the world to its own Rosenau s Cold War era adaptive foreign policy strategies Promotive promoting your ideas around the world bipolar unipolar multipolar Acquiescent go with it Preservative you were once a major power and you re trying to hold on to what power you have left former colonial powers Intransigent challenging the system China under Mao economically intransigence o Movement towards expanding system to let states in changing system from within o Primary objective in world system o Iran Burma Military or Security State Permanent war economy military industrial complex hard power coin of realm Power Behaviors hard vs soft Command coerce threat pay sanction frame persuade attract co opt Offensive Realism absolute and relative power power maximizers versus Defensive Realism absolute power security maximizers Security state debate between offensive and defensive realism Joe Nye The Future of Power 2011 Military power Economic power Soft power spend money on Olympic team Fulbrights University exchanges public diplomacy films around the world o Torture killing of Osama Bin Laden hard power Smart power using resources to maximize power and get what you want in the system Bacevich s Washington Rules Chinese Military Scenario Global military presence Global power projection Global interventionism Condition of perpetual war Framed to US domestic community as essential for freedom and security US Leaders republican or democrat expect the world to appreciate US power source of comfort and reassurance Ideas get embedded in the culture is the Cold War over Does the world feel this way Enduring Questions 1 Why rise in ethnonationalism a Ethnonationalism rise of ethnic groups cultural groups that are trying to separate from states 2 Is power shifting away from the state a NGOs regimes 3 Is military force fungible in most international interactions a Where does heart of IR happen Economics 4 Can a state provide security in a world defined by forces of globalization a How easy is it for state to protect citizens b Issue of cyber warfare 5 Does globalization increase the security dilemma Important Questions If realism neorealism assumptions about global politics dominate in policy world and embedded in major institutions is reform or transformation possible Is the Cold War really over US operational code how has it changed Need for an enemy competitive edge