IR 210 1st Edition Lecture 4 Current Lecture The history of any country can be best understood by focusing on the interrelations of four sources of power these shape the activities of human kind Michael Mann 1 How the field of IR developed Handout 28 2 Michael Mann s power networks and our 4 plus 1 policy worlds 3 Begin the economic world How has the field of IR developed Historical Tradition pattern of practice diplomacy commerce o What is happening at the world at the current time o Dates back to Thucydides Herodotous Livy and Plutarch Sun Tsu Confucius and Kautilya Philosophers dealt with causes of war containment counter balance alliances and empire nature of community Analytical Tradition pattern of thought scholarship o How are events interpreted o When was it developed Collapse of Rome European Empires Peace of Westphalia WW1 and the Great Economic Depression Modern IR 1920s o End of WW1 o Develops as a problem solving discipline o Realism dominates in public sphere Machiavellian view of the world extremely pessimistic Why is realism always dominant o Liberal Internationalism people trying to find an alternative to realism Trying to find an alternative to war Dominates in community A Grotian moment a disruption in the system challenge to the ruling set of ideas o Idealism in some arenas Kellogg Greon sp Pact limit weaponry arms control treaties Leaders were still realists but people envisioned a perfect peace o 1919 and 1939 Don t ignore assumptions of realism tenants of realism o Grotian Moments WW1 WW2 Now we have the UN collective security We now have an ideological war nationalism messing up collective security Cold War Two competing systems USSR and US Any idea of a community is cut in half controlling art sports etc IR became a US discipline Dropping of nuclear weapons End of Cold War Fall of Berlin War o 20 Years Crisis Book Peace treaty was too optimistic Says we have to find a path between realism and idealism League of Nations Failure of League of Nations failure of liberal internationalism Make sure you can answer key questions at the end of Handout 28 1 Is the field of international relations truly international Are we listening to all voices WHY IS REALISM SO PERSISTENT Four Policy World and the Natural World NYE s Chess Boards We are playing four games at once with an impact on the fifth making moves with other moves in place Economic Political Military Cultural Traditional Popular Political o Traditional religion ethnicity o Popular media television Facebook o Political rules of the game in a society US political parties free and fair elections primaries pacts Social Global Civil Society o NGOs INGOs Natural World both enables these worlds and constrains them domestic and global policy shaped by the natural world o People denying climate change o Fifth world the world we are playing in What do I need to know Within each world Who are the key actors Rule makers and rule takers Nature of power and influence Cultural social world What worldviews and belief systems shape the debates in this policy world State Capitalism is on the Rise Economist article US we don t want state to intervene free enterprise Major issues and controversies in each world Professor Mann s View of Power Networks Economic Power control of the market and means by which we collectively extract transform distribute and eventually consume natural resources ad human made goods and services From that definition who is the most powerful America s strength big marketplace consumption power agricultural production technology entrepreneurship China labor production of goods Military Power organization of physical forces for defense of a nation state and sometimes for aggressive and offensive purposes If no military power protect citizens with allies Don t want to be too dependent Political Power power o the state its institutions and control over governance extended regionally and globally Creation of UN US World is using variations of our rulebook Governance is based on western US model Cultural Power control over meaning Pope Woody Allen film Bananas Control over publication of textbooks editor can marginalize voices 1 Networks of power overlap and these shape all human activities and organizational behavior 2 Leaders use all sources of power to gain more power 3 Who has control determines who decides the rules 4 Conflicts in global politics about determine the rules maintaining their dominance at home and internationally a You want your rules to be the ones that everyone accepts b Challenge rules results in conflicts c States organize in order to maintain power domestically and internationally d 1970s energy crisis OPEC NIEO suggesting challenging rules 5 A state s level of power in each world determines global position 6 The interactions of states in these four power networks define global politics On the readings be able to get a good sense of what the textbook is Do not have to read everything in the folders Read things of interest that help explain things in more detail Reading Focus What s important Text Woods Scholte Thomas Chapters Woods What was the Bretton Woods System Why did it break down What critical organizations for managing the global economy remain Three core economic traditions Gilpin s three Don t spend too much time on new approaches to IPE Globalization debate useful for your exercise case study Scholte great discussion of actors good for take home assignment on globalization Focus on trade less on finance Case study in Scholte piece Scholte s discussions of persistence of state and territory Thomas What is the poverty problem What does it mean to be poor Who are the bottom billion ECONOMIC WORLD It is economics if you have it and politics if you don t if you re benefitting from economy you don t want government to do anything if you re not you want political world to intervene accumulation of wealth activities and redistribution Major Debate Today role of government in the domestic and global economy Once we allow ourselves to be disobedient to the test of an accountant s profit we have begun to change our civilization Keynes Government has to intervene in marketplace to provide particular programs Cambridge school interventionary school We must face the fact that the preservation of individual freedom is incompatible with a full satisfaction of our views of distributive justice Hayek Represented Austrian school Let market decide marketplace will take care of itself The