IR 210 1st Edition Lecture 4 Current LectureThe history of any country can be best understood by focusing on the interrelations of four sources of power—these shape the activities of human kind.-Michael Mann1. How the field of IR developed (Handout 28)2. Michael Mann’s power networks and our 4 plus 1 policy worlds3. Begin the economic worldHow has the field of IR developed?- Historical Tradition: pattern of practice/diplomacy-commerceo What is happening at the world at the current timeo Dates back to Thucydides, Herodotous, Livy, and Plutarch Sun Tsu, Confucius, andKautilya Philosophers dealt with causes of war, containment, counter balance, alliances and empire, nature of community- Analytical Tradition: pattern of thought scholarshipo How are events interpreted o When was it developed? Collapse of Rome? European Empires? Peace of Westphalia? WW1 and the Great Economic Depression?- Modern IR  1920so End of WW1o Develops as a problem-solving disciplineo Realism dominates in public sphere (Machiavellian view of the world, extremely pessimistic) Why is realism always dominant?o Liberal Internationalism  people trying to find an alternative to realism Trying to find an alternative to war Dominates in community  A Grotian moment (a disruption in the system, challenge to the ruling set of ideas)o Idealism in some arenas Kellogg-Greon (sp?) Pact: limit weaponry, arms control treaties - Leaders were still realists but people envisioned a perfect peaceo 1919 and 1939 Don’t ignore assumptions of realism, tenants of realismo Grotian Moments WW1 WW2- Now we have the UN (collective security)- We now have an ideological war, nationalism messing up collective security, Cold War- Two competing systems: USSR and US- Any idea of a community is cut in half (controlling art, sports, etc)- IR became a US discipline Dropping of nuclear weapons End of Cold War/Fall of Berlin Waro 20 Years Crisis (Book) Peace treaty was too optimistic Says we have to find a path between realism and idealism  League of Nations- Failure of League of Nations  failure of liberal internationalismMake sure you can answer key questions at the end of Handout 281. Is the field of international relations truly international? Are we listening to all voices?WHY IS REALISM SO PERSISTENT?Four Policy World and the Natural WorldNYE’s Chess Boards—We are playing four games at once with an impact on the fifth (making moves with other moves in place)- Economic- Political/Military- Cultural: Traditional, Popular & Politicalo Traditional: religion, ethnicityo Popular: media, television, Facebooko Political: rules of the game in a society, US political parties, free and fair elections, primaries, pacts- Social/Global Civil Societyo NGOs, INGOs, - Natural World: both enables these worlds and constrains them  domestic and global policy shaped by the natural worldo People denying climate changeo Fifth world: the world we are playing inWhat do I need to know?Within each world: Who are the key actors? Rule-makers and rule-takers Nature of power and influence Cultural, social world What worldviews and belief systems shape the debates in this policy world? “State Capitalism is on the Rise” (Economist article) US: we don’t want state to intervene, free enterprise Major issues and controversies in each worldProfessor Mann’s View of Power NetworksEconomic Power  control of the market and means by which we collectively extract, transform, distribute and eventually consume natural resources ad human made goods and services- From that definition, who is the most powerful?- America’s strength: big marketplace, consumption = power, agricultural production, technology, entrepreneurship- China: labor, production of goods, Military Power  organization of physical forces for defense of a nation-state and sometimes for aggressive and offensive purposes- If no military power, protect citizens with allies- Don’t want to be too dependentPolitical Power  power o the state, its institutions and control over governance, extended regionally and globally- Creation of UN  US- World is using variations of our rulebook- Governance is based on western, US modelCultural Power  control over meaning- Pope- Woody Allen film “Bananas”- Control over publication of textbooks, editor can marginalize voices1. Networks of power overlap and these shape all human activities and organizational behavior2. Leaders use all sources of power to gain more power3. Who has control determines who decides the rules4. Conflicts in global politics about determine the rules & maintaining their dominance at home and internationallya. You want your rules to be the ones that everyone acceptsb. Challenge rules results in conflictsc. States organize in order to maintain power domestically and internationallyd. 1970s: energy crisis, OPEC, NIEO (suggesting/challenging rules)5. A state’s level of power in each world determines global position6. The interactions of states in these four power networks define global politicsOn the readings, be able to get a good sense of what the textbook is. Do not have to read everything in the folders. Read things of interest that help explain things in more detail. Reading Focus: What’s important?- Text: Woods, Scholte, Thomas Chapters- Woods: What was the Bretton Woods System? Why did it break down? What critical organizations for managing the global economy remain?- Three core economic traditions (Gilpin’s three)- Don’t spend too much time on new approaches to IPE- Globalization debate: useful for your exercise, case study- Scholte: great discussion of actors, good for take home assignment on globalization- Focus on trade, less on finance- Case study in Scholte piece - Scholte’s discussions of persistence of state and territory- Thomas: What is the poverty problem? What does it mean to be poor? Who are the bottom billion?ECONOMIC WORLDIt is economics if you have it and politics if you don’t. - if you’re benefitting from economy, you don’t want government to do anything- if you’re not, you want political world to intervene- accumulation of wealth activities and redistributionMajor Debate Today  role of government in the domestic and global economyOnce we allow ourselves to be disobedient to the test of an accountant’s profit, we have begun to