IR 210 1st Edition Lecture 7 Current Lecture War made the state and the state made war Charles Tilly States go to war to create new states The pessimist complains about the wind the optimist expects it to change the realist adjusts the sails WM Arthur Ward 1 2 3 4 5 6 Views of the international system Actors states IOs ROs Inside the state political structure and power maps Political Cultures Security State grand strategies and foreign policy Andrew Basavich Controversies Views of the International System I Maintainer Realist Perspective a Dominant perspective b Sees the world as a threat and self help system don t rely on any body else c Lieber s Three i Anarchy no common power 1 No central power that s in charge nobody to tell you what to do states will look out for own interests 2 States will have strong militaries 3 Security dilemma as you build your security you increase the insecurity of others they build up their security arms race ii Constraints formal and informal 1 Informal political culture Russia China 2 Formal international law iii Search for order hegemony BOPO concert some form of regime governance 1 Hegemonic state 2 Bounds of Power Soviet Union and US 3 Concert 4 or 5 countries running things 1815 4 Regime governance d Any system that enhances power and helps secure national interests i What kind of system does US want Hegemony allows us to do whatever we want ii We don t like regime governance we would have to give up a lot of national interest e Great powers matter most and run the system i UN Should the world intervene in Syria ii Security Council made up of great powers iii R2P we have responsibility to protect rebuild states Libya formal constraint f Chances for cooperation g Rousseau s Stag Hung Metaphor i Problem with cooperation in the international system ii Given the chance even though they have an informal formal agreement they will take it h Maintainer English school pluralist Hedley Bull i Anarchical Society treaties traditions and practices provide order and rules that govern system 1 We have become ore sophisticated there are respected behaviors sovereign territory i Neoliberal View of System states governed by market interactions and by regional and global regimes and institutions i Institutions WTO ii Rare Earth issue we didn t invade China instead we went to the WTO iii Exam Question series of problems find international organization for the problem what does the WTO do j Realist English School Anarchical Society Neoliberal View biggest challenge to realism II Reform Internationalists Grotian a Middle Powers and Many Small States trading states and leaders in moral area i Their well being depends on trading with others interaction with others to survive ii Respect rules reciprocity b Norm Entrepreneurs moral police force in international system i Good Samaritan states keep system together ii Trying to buy off radical change don t want a revolution from the third world iii Millennium Development Goals way to buy things off prevent radical change c Niche Diplomacy i Alliance NATO ii Trading Social Democratic purpose of gov is to make sure nobody is unfairly advantaged or disadvantaged iii Giving aid iv Inside shapes what they do outside v Identity Reputation d Ideal System i Rule based Reciprocity ii Emphasis on common interests iii Society to community iv Responsibility to prevent and protect v Multilateralism sharing sovereignty vi Gain power by association with greater powers alliances and regional organizations e What would a realist say to this f Similar to Solidarist version of English school i Solidarity with entire world community ii Much more Kantian Grotian view of the world III What kind of system do Kantian Transformers seek to create a Most idealistic furthest away from the realists b Decentralize i Don t want concentration of powers in alliances and major power groups c Want global civil society alliances within states i Alliances to solve problems in international system ii International Campaign to Ban Land Mines d Global community based on core values of social justice peace economic wellbeing and ecological balance Question Nature of power distribution in system Multipolar Nonpolar Cold War bipolar After Cold War hegemony unipolar If the system is now non polar which actors are most important o Global and regional institutions because they bring actors together o Or depends on the issue area o Who would you choose to be on your team o Countries with a strong human rights record Inside the State I What do we expect a state to do a Defining redistribution accumulation of wealth II What factors shape structure and policy III State control over territory rule making authority legitimate use of force IV Giddens What has made the state apparently irresistible as a political form from the 17 th century to the present a State consolidated and controlled industrial power and used it to go to war and survive accumulation of wealth activities b Expand administration and regulatory power redistribution accumulation of wealth activities c Control the allocation of resources d Colonialism and globalization spread idea of the European state system V Structures and Policy a The nature of a state s policy activity is determined by political precedents and political culture b Five Models i Pluralistic Democracy all can participate ii Neopluralism pluralistic in name but in reality run by elites 1 Campaign donations iii Corporatism fascism government itself is involved in political light voting as blocks iv Social Democracy very interventionary in the market place v Totalitarianism government controls every aspect of your life c How does globalization shape these systems of order i Pushing western liberal ideas ii Conflict between pluralistic democracy and totalitarianism d When presented with policy problems how do we respond i Globalization makes hiding for political leaders to hide ii Ideas are being diffused through international media iii Market mechanisms government shouldn t do anything let market decide no intervention 1 Citizens should change behavior iv Structured options option that is structure to resolve a problem 1 Public transportation carpool lane no interference on individual rights freedom v Biased options penalties incentives 1 Tax on driving at a certain time or driving alone vi Regulations strict laws vii US stops at structured options because of political culture emphasis on individual freedom viii Political culture and