Cucurbitales Diversity and Evolution of Rosids previously recognized group of 7 families some N2 fixers palmate leaves cucurbitoid teeth imperfect flowers parietal placentation N2 fixing clade Cucurbitaceae Datiscaceae gourds oaks and violets Begoniaceae Cucurbitaceae melons Cucurbitaceae melons Mainly tropical and subtropical family of 118 genera 845 species of herbaceous or woody vines with tendrils modified inflorescences flowers unisexual and plants usually dioecious cultivated ones monoecious Male flower fusion of perianth Asteridlike stamens are weird female flower is epigynous Gurania in Panama Cucumis in Wisconsin Female flower Cucurbitaceae melons Cucurbitaceae melons Fruit is a berry with leathery rind pepo pumpkin melon pickle gourd Female flower Echinocystis lobata wild cucumber Cucurbitaceae melons Sicyos angulata bur cucumber Note the many small male flowers and few female flowers going into fruit and spiny pepo Fagales N2 fixing clade core Amentiferae of Engler Prantl and subclass Hamamelidae of Cronquist wind pollinated trees with unisexual flowers in aments catkins inferior G 2 3 nut bony 1 seeded Small burred cucumber or pickle like fruits can be seen on bottom right Fagales Fagaceae beeches Nothofagaceae southern beeches are sister to all others North Temperate family of 7 genera 670 species 1 2 are oaks simple leaves and nut enclosed by subtending bracts Fagus beech Fagaceae beeches Fagus beech is characteristic of mesic forests in north temperate deciduous forests easy to recognize with gray bark 2 pistillate flowers 2 nuts surrounded by one set of bracts Castanea chestnut Quercus oak Fagaceae oaks Quercus the oaks have bracts below female flower that coalesce into a woody cup of the acorn fruit nut hybridizing group and taxonomically challenging Fagus sylvatica Europe Fagus grandifolia American beech Fagus grandifolia N America Fagaceae oaks Fagaceae oaks White oaks rounded leaf lobes thinner walled xylem of summer wood fruit matures in 1 yr White oak Alleghenian species typical of more mesic woodlands in Wisconsin Red oaks bristle tipped leaf lobes thicker xylem fruit matures in 2 yrs white oak red oak Quercus alba white oak Fagaceae oaks Bur oak Ozarkian element species of xeric oak woodlands and oak savannas Quercus macrocarpa bur oak Fagaceae oaks Red oak more mesic member of the red oak group black oak hill s oak are more xeric tolerant Quercus rubra red oak Fagaceae chestnuts Fagaceae chestnuts American chestnuts Massachusetts in late 1800s prior to 1904 chestnut blight Castanea the chestnuts have 2 female flowers per spiny involucre Japanese chestnut in Connecticut resistant Castanea dentata American chestnut original distribution Castanea dentata American chestnut Juglandaceae walnuts Juglandaceae walnuts Well known tree family containing walnuts hickories and pecans Leaves pinnately compound alternate Leaves often aromatic from resinous peltate glands allelopathic 10 genera and 50 species are divided into two subfamilies Engelhardia Juglans Juglans cinera Butternut white walnut Carya ovata shagbark hickory Juglandaceae walnuts Trees are monoecious Juglandaceae walnuts Juglans cinera Butternut white walnut CA 3 6 CO 0 A 3 G 0 male flowers apetalous and arranged in pendulous catkins or aments on older stems Wind pollinated features calyx small each flower bracted Female flower Male inflorescence Juglans regia English walnut Juglans nigra Black walnut Juglandaceae walnuts Juglans cinera Butternut white walnut CA 4 CO 0 A 0 G 2 female flowers apetalous and in a small group on this year s new growth calyx small persistant often fused to involucral bracts 2 stigma feathery Juglandaceae walnuts fruit a nut single ovule fused to ovary wall surrounded often by persistant involucral bracts which can become fleshy thus sometimes mistakenly called a drupe Carya cordiformis Bitternut hickory Juglans nigra Black walnut Juglans cinera Butternut white walnut Juglans nigra Black walnut Juglandaceae walnuts Juglandaceae hickories black walnut one of the most prized of all lumber trees for fine furniture shagbark hickory common tree of more mesic to xeric forests over much of North America oak hickory forests Juglans nigra black walnut Betulaceae birches North Temperate family of 6 genera and 110 species of shrubs to trees birches and alders Carya ovata shagbark hickory Betulaceae birches Female inflorescence both female and male drooping inflorescences are in aments catkins flowers possess no perianth fruit a small nut or 1 seeded samara subtended by 3 lobed bract Male inflorescence Betula papyrifera paper birch Betulaceae birches Betulaceae birches Ostrya virginiana eastern hop hornbeam ironwood Alnus the alders Betula papyrifera paper birch Betula allegheniensis yellow birch Myricaceae sweet gale Corylus americana Hazelnut filbert Casuarinaceae Small family 3 genera that fix atmospheric nitrogen small family of 100 species the she oaks of Australia Dioecious shrubs or subshrubs with sweet aromatic smell Casuarina evergreen with equisetoid leaves Myrica gale sweet gale Comptonia peregrina sweet fern Oxalidales Oxalidaceae wood sorrels small heterogeneous novel group of 6 families seed character 6 genera 770 species in the tropics and temperate areas 700 belong to Oxalis wood sorrel Oxalidaceae Wood sorrels plants are herbaceous creepers or woody vines Cephalotaceae Australian pitcher plant Oxalidaceae wood sorrels 6 genera 770 species in the tropics and temperate areas 700 belong to Oxalis wood sorrel Oxalis corniculata creeping yellow wood sorrel typically 3 foliate leaves the real shamrock leaves are acidic to taste due to oxalic acid in the form of calcium oxalate Oxalidaceae wood sorrels CA 5 CO 5 A 5 5 G 5 Oxalis corniculata Oxalis 5 merous flowers fruits are 5 locular winged capsules or berries Oxalidaceae wood sorrels CA 5 CO 5 A 5 5 G 5 Oxalis corniculata Oxalis 5 merous flowers fruits are 5 locular winged capsules or berries tristyly common 3 levels at which 2 sets of anthers and 1 set of styles position Oxalidaceae wood sorrels common native and introduced wood sorrels Oxalis violaceae violet wood sorrel Oxalis stricta tall wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella wood sorrel U UU Oxalidaceae wood sorrels tropical fruit carambola or star fruit note 5 carpellate structure Averrhoa carambola Malpighiales large and diverse group of 39 families many of them contributing importantly to tropical forest diversity Malpighiales unresolved novel clade leaf margin teeth