Diversity and EvolutionDiversity and Evolutionof Rosidsof Rosids. . . hemp, figs, and legumes . . .. . . hemp, figs, and legumes . . .*Rosales - continued*Rosales - continued•• Rosaceae is sister to all other Rosaceae is sister to all otherfamilies of the orderfamilies of the order•• tendencies in rest of the order to tendencies in rest of the order toloss of petalsloss of petals and shift to and shift to unisexualunisexualflowers with flowers with wind pollinationwind pollination or orspecialized insect pollinationspecialized insect pollinationrosehopsNN22 fixing fixingcladeclade52 genera 925 species of trees and shrubs in the tropics and52 genera 925 species of trees and shrubs in the tropics andtemperate areastemperate areasRhamnaceae - buckthornsRhamnaceae - buckthorns•• several genera have extensive several genera have extensiveradiations (radiations (Phylica, Rhamnus,Phylica, Rhamnus,CeanothusCeanothus))PhylicaRhamnus 52 genera 925 species of trees and shrubs in the tropics and52 genera 925 species of trees and shrubs in the tropics andtemperate areastemperate areas•• many of our species many of our speciesare armed with thornsare armed with thorns•• leaves are simple and leaves are simple andalternate or opposite,alternate or opposite,often with often with arcuatearcuatevenation (arcing alongvenation (arcing alongthe edge), and serratedthe edge), and serratededgesedgesRhamnus catharticaRhamnus cathartica - European or common buckthorn [invasive] - European or common buckthorn [invasive]Rhamnaceae - buckthornsRhamnaceae - buckthorns•• flowers 4 or 5 flowers 4 or 5merous (4 merousmerous (4 merousshown in commonshown in commonbuckthorn)buckthorn)•• stamens opposite the stamens opposite thepetals - unusual inpetals - unusual inflowering plants!flowering plants!Rhamnus catharticaRhamnus cathartica - European or common buckthorn - European or common buckthornRhamnaceae - buckthornsRhamnaceae - buckthornsCA 4,5 CO 4,5 A 4,5 CA 4,5 CO 4,5 A 4,5 GG (3) (3)•• fruits one-seeded fruits one-seededdrupesdrupes•• shrubs often shrubs oftenconfused with cherriesconfused with cherriesand holliesand holliesRhamnus catharticaRhamnus cathartica - European or common buckthorn - European or common buckthornRhamnaceae - buckthornsRhamnaceae - buckthornsCA 4,5 CO 4,5 A 4,5 CA 4,5 CO 4,5 A 4,5 GG (3) (3)Rhamnaceae - buckthornsRhamnaceae - buckthornsRhamnus alnifoliaRhamnus alnifolia alder leaf buckthorn [native]alder leaf buckthorn [native]Rhamnus frangulaRhamnus frangulaGlossy buckthorn [invasive]Glossy buckthorn [invasive]Rhamnaceae - buckthornsRhamnaceae - buckthornsCeanothus americanusCeanothus americanus New Jersey tea - NNew Jersey tea - N22 fixing fixing3 genera 45 species of trees and shrubs largely in north3 genera 45 species of trees and shrubs largely in northtemperate areastemperate areasElaeagnaceae - Russian oliveElaeagnaceae - Russian olive•• N N22-fixing small-fixing smalltrees and shrubstrees and shrubseasily recognizedeasily recognizedby by silvery orsilvery orreddish glandularreddish glandularhairshairs covering coveringbottom leavesbottom leavesand/or stemsand/or stemsElaeagnus angustifoliaElaeagnus angustifolia - Russian olive - Russian olive3 genera 45 species of trees and shrubs largely in north3 genera 45 species of trees and shrubs largely in northtemperate areastemperate areasElaeagnaceae - Russian oliveElaeagnaceae - Russian olive•• 4 merous 4 merousflowers and berryflowers and berryfruitsfruitsElaeagnus angustifoliaElaeagnus angustifolia - Russian olive - Russian oliveShepherdia -Shepherdia -buffalo berrybuffalo berryElaeagnaceae - Russian oliveElaeagnaceae - Russian oliveShepherdia argenteaShepherdia argentea - silver - silverbuffalo-berry (western N. Am.)buffalo-berry (western N. Am.)Shepherdia canadensisShepherdia canadensis - -buffalo-berrybuffalo-berryBuffalo-berries are NorthBuffalo-berries are NorthAmerican species withAmerican species withopposite leavesopposite leavesRosales - Urticalean FamiliesRosales - Urticalean FamiliesThe remainder of the Rosales show the The remainder of the Rosales show the transition to reduced,transition to reduced,unisexual flowers and one-seeded fruitsunisexual flowers and one-seeded fruits - - ““UrticalesUrticales””*Ulmaceae - elms*Ulmaceae - elms6 genera 35 species of North6 genera 35 species of NorthTemperate treesTemperate trees•• best known for the American elm best known for the American elmwith its distinctive vase shapedwith its distinctive vase shapedgrowth form. Dutch Elm disease,growth form. Dutch Elm disease,caused by the fungus caused by the fungus CeratostomellaCeratostomellaumliumli, has destroyed most large adults., has destroyed most large adults.Ulmus americana - Ulmus americana - American elmAmerican elm*Ulmaceae - elms*Ulmaceae - elms•• leaves are leaves are distichouslydistichously arranged - 2 arranged - 2ranks in one plane - and pinnatelyranks in one plane - and pinnatelyveined; leaf bases are stronglyveined; leaf bases are stronglyasymmetricasymmetricZelkova serrata - Zelkova serrata - EuropeanEuropeanUlmus americana - Ulmus americana - American elmAmerican elm*Ulmaceae - elms*Ulmaceae - elms•• flowers are flowers are bisexualbisexual but butreducedreduced and and wind pollinatedwind pollinated;;they appear before the leavesthey appear before the leavesUlmus americanaUlmus americana - American elm - American elmCA 4-8 CO 0 A 4-8 CA 4-8 CO 0 A 4-8 GG (2) (2)*Ulmaceae - elms*Ulmaceae - elms•• pistil is made of two fused pistil is made of two fusedcarpels but only carpels but only one seedone seedmatures; fruit is a matures; fruit is a samarasamara - a - awinged achene in this casewinged achene in this caseNote 2 styles on samaraNote 2 styles on samaraUlmus americanaUlmus americana - American elm - American elmCA 4-8 CO 0 A 4-8 CA 4-8 CO 0 A 4-8 GG (2) (2)Cannabaceae - hackberry, hopsCannabaceae - hackberry, hops•• families Celtidaceae families Celtidaceae(hackberry) and Cannabaceae(hackberry) and Cannabaceae(hops, hemp) are now merged(hops, hemp) are now mergedinto one - Cannabaceae with 11into one - Cannabaceae with 11genera and 170 speciesgenera and 170 speciesCannabaceaeCannabaceae•• first of the first of the unisexual floweredunisexual floweredlineages within Rosaleslineages within RosalesCannabaceae - hackberry, hopsCannabaceae - hackberry, hops•• Celtis Celtis (hackberries ) and