Magnoliophyta Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms- AngiospermsSurvey of Angiosperms Survey of Angiosperms —— using APG system using APG systemAmborella trichopodaAmborella trichopodaMagnoliophyta Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms- AngiospermsSurvey of Angiosperms Survey of Angiosperms —— using APG system using APG systemWhat is the APG classification?What is the APG classification?‘‘Basal angiospermsBasal angiosperms’’•• ANITA ( ANITA (‘‘basal familiesbasal families’’))•• magnoliid magnoliid complexcomplex•• monocots monocotsEudicots Eudicots or or tricolpates tricolpates (3 pored pollen)(3 pored pollen)•• caryophyllidscaryophyllids•• rosids rosids•• asterids asteridsWe will begin our survey ofWe will begin our survey ofangiosperms by examining theangiosperms by examining the‘‘basal angiospermsbasal angiosperms’’ - those groups - those groupsthat are now shown to be the oldestthat are now shown to be the oldestdiverging diverging –– paraphyleticparaphyletic!!We will look at the We will look at the monocotsmonocots - a - a‘‘basal angiosperm groupbasal angiosperm group’’ - at the - at theend of the classend of the classBasal AngiospermsBasal AngiospermsThese include all those shownThese include all those shownhere here exceptexcept the the eudicotseudicots whichwhichare the bulk of dicotsare the bulk of dicotsWhat are basal angiosperms?What are basal angiosperms?Basal AngiospermsBasal AngiospermspolypetalyhypogynyactinomorphicCharles Charles BesseyBessey’’s orders order RanalesRanalesare most of theare most of the dicot dicot basal basalangiospermsangiospermsMagnoliaMagnolia = primitive = primitiveand and monocotsmonocotsWhat are basal angiosperms?What are basal angiosperms?Basal AngiospermsBasal AngiospermsCronquistCronquist’’s subclasss subclass Magnoliidae Magnoliidae . . . . . .CronquistCronquistand and monocotsmonocotsWhat are basal angiosperms?What are basal angiosperms?Basal AngiospermsBasal AngiospermsExhibit a suite of primitiveExhibit a suite of primitivecharacter statescharacter states1. Many parts at each whorl1. Many parts at each whorlWhat are basal angiosperms?What are basal angiosperms?Basal AngiospermsBasal AngiospermsExhibit a suite of primitiveExhibit a suite of primitivecharacter statescharacter states1. Many parts at each whorl1. Many parts at each whorl2. Separate, unsealed2. Separate, unsealed carpelscarpelsDrimys Drimys WinteraceaeWinteraceaeWhat are basal angiosperms?What are basal angiosperms?Basal AngiospermsBasal AngiospermsExhibit a suite of primitiveExhibit a suite of primitivecharacter statescharacter states1. Many parts at each whorl1. Many parts at each whorl2. Separate, unsealed carpels2. Separate, unsealed carpels3. Follicle fruits3. Follicle fruitsLeaf-like folliclesLeaf-like folliclesWhat are basal angiosperms?What are basal angiosperms?Basal AngiospermsBasal AngiospermsExhibit a suite of primitiveExhibit a suite of primitivecharacter statescharacter states1. Many parts at each whorl1. Many parts at each whorl2. Separate, unsealed carpels2. Separate, unsealed carpels3. Follicle fruits3. Follicle fruitsLaminar stamens inLaminar stamens inyellow waterlilyyellow waterlily4. Laminar stamens4. Laminar stamensWhat are basal angiosperms?What are basal angiosperms?Basal AngiospermsBasal AngiospermsExhibit a suite of primitiveExhibit a suite of primitivecharacter statescharacter states1. Many parts at each whorl1. Many parts at each whorl2. Separate, unsealed carpels2. Separate, unsealed carpels3. Follicle fruits3. Follicle fruits4. Laminar stamens4. Laminar stamens5. Tracheids, no vessel elements5. Tracheids, no vessel elementsWhat are basal angiosperms?What are basal angiosperms?Basal AngiospermsBasal AngiospermsExhibit a suite of primitiveExhibit a suite of primitivecharacter statescharacter states1. Many parts at each whorl1. Many parts at each whorl2. Separate, unsealed carpels2. Separate, unsealed carpels3. Follicle fruits3. Follicle fruits4. Laminar stamens4. Laminar stamens5. Tracheids, no vessel elements5. Tracheids, no vessel elements6. Pollen grains single pored,6. Pollen grains single pored,apertured, furrowed; apertured, furrowed; notnottriaperturate, tricolpatetriaperturate, tricolpateLiliumLilium (monocot) (monocot)uniaperturateuniaperturateThe The ‘‘ANITAANITA’’ group forms a basal grade (paraphyletic) group forms a basal grade (paraphyletic)‘‘ANITAANITA’’ Basal Angiosperms Basal AngiospermsName derived from initials of membersName derived from initials of members*Amborellaceae (order Amborellales)*Amborellaceae (order Amborellales)‘‘AANITANITA’’ Basal Angiosperms Basal AngiospermsAmborella trichopodaAmborella trichopoda —— only 1 species from New Caledonia only 1 species from New Caledonia*Amborellaceae (order Amborellales)*Amborellaceae (order Amborellales)‘‘AANITANITA’’ Basal Angiosperms Basal Angiosperms•• dioecious (unisexual) evergreen dioecious (unisexual) evergreenshrub with no vesselsshrub with no vessels•• P 5-8 A P 5-8 A ∞∞ GG 5-6 5-6•• perianthperianth spiralledspiralled•• apocarpicapocarpic, not sealed, not sealed•• fruits 1 seeded, drupe-like fruits 1 seeded, drupe-likeIlliciaceaeIlliciaceae + + SchisandraceaeSchisandraceae (now combined into latter family) (now combined into latter family)‘‘ANANIITATA’’ Basal Angiosperms Basal Angiosperms•• aromatic shrubs/vines, used in anise liquers aromatic shrubs/vines, used in anise liquers•• Asian tropics and subtropics & disjunct in Asian tropics and subtropics & disjunct inEastern North AmericaEastern North AmericaIlliciumIlliciumSchisandraceaeSchisandraceaeIlliciaceae + SchisandraceaeIlliciaceae + Schisandraceae‘‘ANANIITATA’’ Basal Angiosperms Basal AngiospermsP P ∞∞ A A ∞∞ GG ∞∞•• not sealed carpels, 1 seeded not sealed carpels, 1 seededfolliclesfolliclesJapanese aniseTrimeniaceae: Trimeniaceae: TrimeniaTrimenia with 5 spp. (Australasian trees, with 5 spp. (Australasian trees,shrubs, vines)shrubs, vines)‘‘ANIANITTAA’’ Basal Angiosperms Basal AngiospermsP P ∞∞ A A ∞∞ GG 1 1•• filamentous stamens; berry filamentous stamens; berrywith one ovulewith one ovuleAustrobaileyaceae: 1 species of tropical AustralianAustrobaileyaceae: 1 species of tropical Australianevergreen lianaaevergreen lianaa‘‘ANITANITAA’’ Basal Angiosperms Basal AngiospermsP P ∞∞ A A ∞∞