Diversity and Evolutionof Asterids. . . viburnums, umbels, andlobelias . . .Lecture exam 2: mean = 76.2/80 range = 61- 85Lab exam 2: mean = 37.7/45 range = 21- 45Core Asterids• will examine the second of the two wellsupported lineages of the core asterids• ‘lamiid’ or Asterid I group• ‘campanulid’ or Asterid II group• appears to have the fused corolladerived independently via a differentfloral developmental pathway relative tothe Asterid I grouplamiidscampanulidsEarly vs. Late Sympetalyeuasterids II - campanulidseuasterids I - lamiidsCalendula, AsteraceaeAnchusa, BoraginaceaeearlylateDipsacales• order within ‘campanulids or Asterid IIgroup• 2 (or 7) families and nearly 1,100species of herbs and shrubs largely fromNorth Hemisphere• iridoids, opposite leaves, inferiorgynoeciuminferior Glamiidscampanulids“Caprifoliaceae” - what is it ?• pre-DNA era four familieswere recognized (as inGleason/Cronquist)CaprifoliaceaeviburnumhoneysuckleDipsacaceaeteaselValerianaceaevalerianAdoxaDNA phylogeny“Caprifoliaceae” - what is it ?• post-DNA era up to 7families can be recognizedhoneysuckleteasel valerian• will use 2 hereDNA phylogenyviburnumAdoxa elderberry“Caprifoliaceae” - what is it ?DNA phylogeny • the two families can bedifferentiated by flowers:• short styled (Adoxaceae)• long styled (Caprifoliaceae)“Caprifoliaceae” - what is it ?• the two families can bedifferentiated by flowers:• short styled (Adoxaceae)• long styled (Caprifoliaceae)Viburnum - viburnumLonicera - honeysuckleAdoxaceae - viburnums5 genera and 200 species of opposite leaved shrubs and someherbs - mainly North TemperateSambucus canadensis - Common elder• flowers small and usuallyin flat-topped cymes• 5 merous with up to 5fused carpels and short style• berry or drupaceous fruitsAdoxaceae - viburnums• elder-berries are opposite,compounded leaved shrubsSambucus racemosa - red-berried elderAdoxaceae - viburnums• viburnums are simple leaved shrubs, but often lobed, orcoarsely toothedViburnum davidiiAdoxaceae - viburnumsViburnum opulus (trilobum)high-bush cranberry• note enlarged, sterile flowers on edge of‘head’ inflorescence for pollinatorattractionAdoxaceae - viburnumsViburnum acerifolium-maple-leaved viburnumViburnum lentagonannyberryViburnum rafinesquianum -arrowwood• many viburnumshave glands onpetiolesAdoxaceae - viburnumsAdoxa moschatellina - muskroot• unusual reduced woodlandherb with musky scent andtrifoliate, spiralled leaves*Caprifoliaceae - honeysucklesNorthern hemisphere family (and tropical mountains) of 43genera and about 900 species of shrubs, subshrubs, vines andherbsLinnaea - twinflowerLonicera - honeysuckleDipsacus - teasel*Caprifoliaceae - honeysucklesCA (5) CO (5) A 4-5 G (2-5)___• 5 merous. long styled,and bell-shaped or stronglyzygomorphic• inferior ovary forms berry(or reduced to achenes)Lonicera - honeysuckleTriosteum - horse gentian*Caprifoliaceae - honeysucklesLonicera tatarica -tartarian honeysuckleLonicera canadensis -fly honeysuckle• honeysuckles include native(right) and introduced aggressiveshrubs (below) or vines*Caprifoliaceae - honeysucklesLonicera reticulata - grape honeysuckleLonicera dioica - red honeysucklenatives*Caprifoliaceae - honeysucklesLonicera X bella -pretty honeysucklenative leaf minersinvasivesLonicera xylosteum -European fly honeysuckleLonicera japonica*Caprifoliaceae - honeysucklesDiervilla lonicera -bush honeysuckleTriosteum perfoliatumHorse gentian*Caprifoliaceae - honeysucklesLinnaea borealis - twinflower• Characteristic subshrub of (circum)borealforests where it forms large colonies. Twoflowers form per inflorescence.*Caprifoliaceae - honeysucklesAbelia Kolkwitzia• many culativated ornamentals*Caprifoliaceae - honeysucklesValeriana uliginosa -marsh valerian• the old ‘Valerianaceae’ and ‘Dipsacaceae’exhibit features that will be seen inAsteraceaeKnautia• congested inflorescences• bracted inflorescencesValeriana edulis -edible valerian*Caprifoliaceae - honeysuckles• the old ‘Valerianaceae’ and ‘Dipsacaceae’exhibit features that will be seen inAsteraceae• reduced calyx - pappus• one seeded acheneKnautiapappus*Caprifoliaceae - honeysucklesDipsacus fullonum - teaselIntroduced and adventivepappusInvolucral bracts• the old ‘Valerianaceae’ and ‘Dipsacaceae’exhibit features that will be seen inAsteraceae• involucral bractsApiales• 7 families and nearly 5,500 species ofherbs and shrubs - Australasia appears tobe center of diversity• iridoids, aromatic, alternate compoundleaves, umbels, corolla separate, inferiorgynoeciumginseng - Araliaceae parsnip - Apiaceaeinferior GlamiidscampanulidsAraliaceae - ginseng• tropical family of trees, shrubs, orherbs (temperate)• leaves divided or up to 3 times ormore compound• distinctive aroma and chemicalsAralia hispida - bristly sarsaparillaAralia nudicaulis - wild sarsaparillaAraliaceae - ginsengCA 5 CO 5 A 5 G (5)__• umbels• flowers small, non-asterid like(no corolla tube)• 5 merous, with 5 fused carpelsforming inferior ovary & berriesAralia hispida - bristly sarsaparilla : note 5 stylesAraliaceae - ginsengAralia elataHercule’s-club, Devil’swalking stickAralia racemosaspikenardAraliaceae - ginsengPanax quinquefolius - American ginseng Rich woods; leaflets are stalked. Heavilycollected woodland species for roots.Araliaceae - ginsengPanax trifoliusDwarf ginsengRich woods; leaflets are sessileAraliaceae - ginsengHedera helixEnglish ivyEurasia - N. Africa; invasive in U.S.Araliaceae - ginsengTetrapanax papyrifera -rice paperSchefflera - umbrella plants*Apiaceae - umbelsLarge family of 430 genera and over 3700 species mostcommon in north temperate regions. Economically important(carrot, parsnip, parsley, celery, dill, caraway).parsnip carrot*Apiaceae - umbels• aromatic herbs with hollow stems• dissected or compound leaves• leaves strongly sheathingsheathHeracleum lanatum - cow parsnip*Apiaceae - umbels• flowers small in umbels, often compound• female flowers often along edge of each umbelletCA 5 CO 5 A 5 G (2)__common feature in Asteridswith the formation of a ‘head’*Apiaceae - umbels• flowers small in umbels, often compound• female flowers often along edge of each umbellet• 5 merous with no corolla tubeCA 5 CO 5 A 5 G (2)__• inferior gynoecium of 2 carpels separating at maturity*Apiaceae - umbels• fruit dehiscent and splitting - schizocarpCA 5 CO 5