xxNomenclature -Nomenclature -whatwhat’’s in a name?s in a name?CypripediumCypripedium reginae reginaeshowy ladyshowy lady’’s-slippers-slipperqueen ladyqueen lady’’s-slippers-slipperCypripediumCypripedium hirsutum hirsutumCypripediumCypripedium spectabile spectabileTwo of the goals forTwo of the goals for Systematics Systematics::1. Identify and name species1. Identify and name speciesCypripediumCypripedium acaule acauleStemlessStemless lady slipper lady slipper2. 2. ClassifyClassify or place the species in groups or place the species in groupsPlantaePlantaeMagnoliophytaMagnoliophytaLiliopsidaLiliopsidaAsparagalesAsparagalesOrchidaceaeOrchidaceaeCypripediumCypripediumCypripedium acauleCypripedium acauleKingdomKingdomPhylumPhylumClassClassOrderOrderFamilyFamilyGenusGenusSpeciesSpeciesHierarchicalHierarchical classificationclassificationNomenclature - Using NamesNomenclature - Using Names“Latin is a language asdead as dead can be.First it killed theRomans, and now itskilling me!”(previous Botany 400 student)Nomenclature - Using NamesNomenclature - Using Names(previous Bot 400 student)(previous Bot 400 student)Which of the following is a Which of the following is a notnota true rose in the genus a true rose in the genus RosaRosa in inthe rose family (Rosaceae)?the rose family (Rosaceae)?1.1.Moss roseMoss rose2.2.Lenten roseLenten rose3.3.Rose-of-SharonRose-of-Sharon4.4.Hairy alpine roseHairy alpine rose[answer later today][answer later today]"Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose.""Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose."Gertrude SteinGertrude Stein1913 1913 ““Sacred EmilySacred Emily””•• descriptive, colorful descriptive, colorful•• easy to remember easy to remember•• only names for most people only names for most peopleCommon NamesCommon NamesAdvantages?Advantages?Stemless ladyStemless lady’’s slippers slipperMoccasin flowerMoccasin flowerPink ladyPink lady’’s slippers slipper•• one species = many common names one species = many common namesDisadvantages?Disadvantages?Common NamesCommon NamesEuropean white waterlilyEuropean white waterlily•• 15 names in English 15 names in English•• 44 in French 44 in French•• 81 in Dutch 81 in Dutch•• 105 in German 105 in GermanNymphaea albaNymphaea alba L. L.245 common names but245 common names butonly 1 Latin nameonly 1 Latin name•• descriptive, colorful descriptive, colorful•• easy to remember easy to remember•• only names for most people only names for most peopleCommon NamesCommon NamesAdvantages?Advantages?e.g., fireweede.g., fireweed•• one species = many common one species = many commonnamesnamesDisadvantages?Disadvantages?•• one common name = 2+ one common name = 2+speciesspeciesEpilobiumEpilobium —— evening eveningprimrose familyprimrose familyErectitesErectites ——aster familyaster family•• descriptive, colorful descriptive, colorful•• easy to remember easy to remember•• only names for most people only names for most peopleCommon NamesCommon NamesAdvantages?Advantages?•• one species = many common one species = many commonnamesnamesDisadvantages?Disadvantages?LythrumLythrum ——loosestrife familyloosestrife familyLysimachiaLysimachia ——primrose familyprimrose familye.g., loosestrifee.g., loosestrife•• one common name = 2+ one common name = 2+speciesspecies•• descriptive, colorful descriptive, colorful•• easy to remember easy to remember•• only names for most people only names for most peopleCommon NamesCommon NamesAdvantages?Advantages?•• one species = many common one species = many commonnamesnamesDisadvantages?Disadvantages?•• one name = 2+ species one name = 2+ species•• names can be confusing names can be confusingSweet fernSweet fern(not a fern!)(not a fern!)•• descriptive, colorful descriptive, colorful•• easy to remember easy to remember•• only names for most people only names for most peopleCommon NamesCommon NamesAdvantages?Advantages?•• one species = many common one species = many commonnamesnamesDisadvantages?Disadvantages?•• one name = 2+ species one name = 2+ species•• names can be confusing names can be confusingPineapplePineapple(not a conifer or apple!)(not a conifer or apple!)•• descriptive, colorful descriptive, colorful•• easy to remember easy to remember•• only names for most people only names for most peopleCommon NamesCommon NamesAdvantages?Advantages?•• one species = many common one species = many commonnamesnamesDisadvantages?Disadvantages?•• one name = 2+ species one name = 2+ species•• names can be confusing names can be confusingWelcome-home-husband-no-Welcome-home-husband-no-matter-how-drunk-ye-bematter-how-drunk-ye-be(also called Hen & chicks)(also called Hen & chicks)•• descriptive, colorful descriptive, colorful•• easy to remember easy to remember•• only names for most people only names for most peopleCommon NamesCommon NamesAdvantages?Advantages?•• one species = many common one species = many commonnamesnamesDisadvantages?Disadvantages?•• one name = 2+ species one name = 2+ species•• names can be confusing names can be confusing•• most plants have no common name most plants have no common nameCarex buxbaumiiCarex buxbaumii??BuxbaumBuxbaum’’s sedges sedgeScientific NamesScientific NamesCarex buxbaumii Carex buxbaumii Wahlenb.Wahlenb.NecessaryNecessary•• all species need names all species need names•• uniform system of naming uniform system of namingto avoid confusionto avoid confusionScientific NamesScientific NamesArabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianaNecessaryNecessary•• all species need names all species need names•• uniform system of naming uniform system of namingto avoid confusionto avoid confusion•• facilitates information - facilitates information -retrievalretrievalScientific NamesScientific NamesNecessaryNecessary•• all species need names all species need names•• uniform system of naming uniform system of namingto avoid confusionto avoid confusion•• facilitates information - facilitates information -retrievalretrieval•• International Code of International Code ofNomenclature for fungi,Nomenclature for fungi,algae, and plants (ICN)algae, and plants (ICN)adopted adopted –– 2011 Melbourne 2011 MelbourneScientific NamesScientific NamesDescriptive! Descriptive! (at least some times)(at least some times)May-appleMay-applePodophyllum