Diversity and EvolutionDiversity and Evolutionofof Asterids Asterids. . .. . . viburnums viburnums, umbels, and, umbels, andlobelias . . .lobelias . . .Lecture exam 2Lecture exam 2: mean = 76.2/80 range = 61- 85: mean = 76.2/80 range = 61- 85Lab exam 2Lab exam 2: mean = 37.7/45 range = 21- 45: mean = 37.7/45 range = 21- 45CoreCore Asterids Asterids•• will examine the second of the two well will examine the second of the two wellsupported lineages of the core asteridssupported lineages of the core asterids•• ‘‘lamiidlamiid’’ or Asterid I group or Asterid I group•• ‘‘campanulidcampanulid’’ or or Asterid IIAsterid II group group•• appears to have the appears to have the fused fused corollacorolladerived independentlyderived independently via a different via a differentfloral developmental pathway relative tofloral developmental pathway relative tothe Asterid I groupthe Asterid I grouplamiidslamiidscampanulidscampanulidsEarly vs. Late SympetalyEarly vs. Late Sympetalyeuasterids II - campanulidseuasterids II - campanulids euasterids I - lamiidseuasterids I - lamiidsCalendulaCalendula, Asteraceae, AsteraceaeAnchusaAnchusa, Boraginaceae, BoraginaceaeearlyearlylatelateDipsacalesDipsacales•• order within order within ‘‘campanulidscampanulids or or Asterid IIAsterid IIgroupgroup•• 2 (or 7) families and nearly 1,100 2 (or 7) families and nearly 1,100species of herbs and shrubs largely fromspecies of herbs and shrubs largely fromNorth HemisphereNorth Hemisphere•• iridoidsiridoids, , opposite leaves, inferioropposite leaves, inferiorgynoeciumgynoeciuminferior Ginferior Glamiidslamiidscampanulidscampanulids““CaprifoliaceaeCaprifoliaceae”” - what is it ? - what is it ?•• pre-DNApre-DNA era four families era four familieswere recognized (as inwere recognized (as inGleason/Cronquist)Gleason/Cronquist)CaprifoliaceaeCaprifoliaceaeviburnumviburnumhoneysucklehoneysuckleDipsacaceaeDipsacaceaeteaselteaselValerianaceaeValerianaceaevalerianvalerianAdoxaAdoxaDNA phylogenyDNA phylogeny““CaprifoliaceaeCaprifoliaceae”” - what is it ? - what is it ?•• post-DNApost-DNA era up to 7 era up to 7families can be recognizedfamilies can be recognizedhoneysucklehoneysuckleteaselteaselvalerianvalerian•• will use 2 here will use 2 hereDNA phylogenyDNA phylogenyviburnumviburnumAdoxaAdoxaelderberryelderberry““CaprifoliaceaeCaprifoliaceae”” - what is it ? - what is it ?DNA phylogenyDNA phylogeny•• the two families can be the two families can bedifferentiated by flowers:differentiated by flowers:•• short styledshort styled (Adoxaceae) (Adoxaceae)•• long styledlong styled (Caprifoliaceae) (Caprifoliaceae)““CaprifoliaceaeCaprifoliaceae”” - what is it ? - what is it ?•• the two families can be the two families can bedifferentiated by flowers:differentiated by flowers:•• short styledshort styled (Adoxaceae) (Adoxaceae)•• long styledlong styled (Caprifoliaceae) (Caprifoliaceae)Viburnum -Viburnum - viburnum viburnumLoniceraLonicera - honeysuckle - honeysuckleAdoxaceae - viburnumsAdoxaceae - viburnums5 genera and 200 species of opposite leaved shrubs and some5 genera and 200 species of opposite leaved shrubs and someherbs - mainly North Temperateherbs - mainly North TemperateSambucus canadensis - Sambucus canadensis - Common elderCommon elder•• flowers smallflowers small and usually and usuallyin flat-topped in flat-topped cymescymes•• 5 merous with up to 5 5 merous with up to 5fused carpels and fused carpels and short styleshort style•• berryberry or drupaceous fruits or drupaceous fruitsAdoxaceae - viburnumsAdoxaceae - viburnums•• elder-berries are opposite, elder-berries are opposite,compounded leaved shrubscompounded leaved shrubsSambucus racemosa - Sambucus racemosa - red-berried elderred-berried elderAdoxaceae - viburnumsAdoxaceae - viburnums•• viburnums are simple leaved shrubs, but often lobed, or viburnums are simple leaved shrubs, but often lobed, orcoarsely toothedcoarsely toothedViburnum davidiiViburnum davidiiAdoxaceae - viburnumsAdoxaceae - viburnumsViburnum opulusViburnum opulus ( (trilobumtrilobum))high-bush cranberryhigh-bush cranberry•• note enlarged, note enlarged, sterile flowers sterile flowers on edge ofon edge of‘‘headhead’’ inflorescence for pollinatorinflorescence for pollinatorattractionattractionAdoxaceae - viburnumsAdoxaceae - viburnumsViburnum acerifolium-Viburnum acerifolium-maple-leaved viburnummaple-leaved viburnumViburnum lentagoViburnum lentagonannyberrynannyberryViburnum rafinesquianumViburnum rafinesquianum - -arrowwoodarrowwood•• many viburnums many viburnumshave glands onhave glands onpetiolespetiolesAdoxaceae - viburnumsAdoxaceae - viburnumsAdoxa moschatellina - Adoxa moschatellina - muskrootmuskroot•• unusual reduced woodland unusual reduced woodlandherb with musky scent andherb with musky scent andtrifoliate, spiralled leavestrifoliate, spiralled leaves*Caprifoliaceae - honeysuckles*Caprifoliaceae - honeysucklesNorthern hemisphere family (and tropical mountains) of 43Northern hemisphere family (and tropical mountains) of 43genera and about 900 species of shrubs, subshrubs, vines andgenera and about 900 species of shrubs, subshrubs, vines andherbsherbsLinnaeaLinnaea - twinflower - twinflowerLoniceraLonicera - honeysuckle - honeysuckleDipsacusDipsacus - teasel - teasel*Caprifoliaceae - honeysuckles*Caprifoliaceae - honeysucklesCA (5) CA (5) CO (5) ACO (5) A 4-5 G (2-5) 4-5 G (2-5)______•• 5 merous. 5 merous. long styledlong styled,,and bell-shaped or stronglyand bell-shaped or stronglyzygomorphiczygomorphic•• inferior ovaryinferior ovary forms forms berryberry(or reduced to achenes)(or reduced to achenes)LoniceraLonicera - honeysuckle - honeysuckleTriosteumTriosteum - horse gentian - horse gentian*Caprifoliaceae - honeysuckles*Caprifoliaceae - honeysucklesLonicera tataricaLonicera tatarica - -tartarian honeysuckletartarian honeysuckleLonicera canadensisLonicera canadensis - -fly honeysucklefly honeysuckle•• honeysuckles include native honeysuckles include native(right) and introduced aggressive(right) and introduced aggressiveshrubs (below) or vinesshrubs (below) or vines*Caprifoliaceae - honeysuckles*Caprifoliaceae - honeysucklesLonicera reticulataLonicera reticulata - grape honeysuckle - grape honeysuckleLonicera dioicaLonicera dioica - red honeysuckle - red