Diversity and EvolutionDiversity and Evolutionof Asteridsof Asterids. . . morning glories, mints, and. . . morning glories, mints, andsnapdragons . . .snapdragons . . .SolanalesSolanales•• order within order within ‘‘lamiidslamiids’’ or or Asterid lAsterid l group group•• nono iridoidsiridoids, , alternate leaves, plicate corolla,alternate leaves, plicate corolla,calyx persistent in fruitcalyx persistent in fruit•• 5 families and nearly 5,000 species dominated 5 families and nearly 5,000 species dominatedby by SolanaceaeSolanaceae (nightshade) and (nightshade) and ConvolvulaceaeConvolvulaceae(morning glory)(morning glory)SolanaceaeSolanaceaeConvolvulaceaeConvolvulaceaelamiidslamiidscampanulidscampanulidsIpomoea purpureaIpomoea purpureaMorning-gloryMorning-gloryLargely tropical family of 57 genera and 1600 spp. Twining herbs or woodyLargely tropical family of 57 genera and 1600 spp. Twining herbs or woodywith alternate leaves.with alternate leaves.*Convolvulaceae- morning glory*Convolvulaceae- morning gloryCalystegia sepiumCalystegia sepiumHedge bindweedHedge bindweedCuscutaCuscuta (Cuscutaceae) is actually part of the Convolvulaceae! (Cuscutaceae) is actually part of the Convolvulaceae!*Convolvulaceae- morning glory*Convolvulaceae- morning glory•• Twining habitTwining habit (for (forsupport) has gone onesupport) has gone onestep further and speciesstep further and speciesare now are now parasiticparasitic(support + food +(support + food +water; no chlorophyll)water; no chlorophyll)Cuscuta Cuscuta spp. -spp. -dodderdodderCuscuta gronoviiCuscuta gronoviiCommon dodderCommon dodderCuscuta glomerataCuscuta glomerataRope dodderRope dodder*Convolvulaceae- morning glory*Convolvulaceae- morning glory*Convolvulaceae- morning glory*Convolvulaceae- morning gloryCalystegia sepiumCalystegia sepiumHedge bindweedHedge bindweedCA (5) CA (5) CO (5) ACO (5) A 5 5 GG (2) (2)ConvolvulusConvolvulusFlowers strongly Flowers strongly funnelformfunnelform with withplicate corollaplicate corolla tube (with fold tube (with foldlines). Calyx often unfused.lines). Calyx often unfused.Calystegia sepiumCalystegia sepiumHedge bindweedHedge bindweedNote: 2 large bractsNote: 2 large bractsConvolvulus arvensisConvolvulus arvensisField bindweedField bindweedNote: no floral bractsNote: no floral bracts*Convolvulaceae- morning glory*Convolvulaceae- morning glory*Convolvulaceae- morning glory*Convolvulaceae- morning gloryIpomoea pes-capraeIpomoea pes-capraeIpomoea battatus -Ipomoea battatus -sweet potatosweet potatoIpomoea - morning gloryIpomoea - morning gloryIpomoaea stoloniferaIpomoaea stoloniferaLamialesLamiales•• large order (23,000+ species)within large order (23,000+ species)within ‘‘lamiidlamiid’’ or orAsterid lAsterid l group - 12% of all eudicots group - 12% of all eudicots•• iridoids iridoids, , opposite leaves opposite leaves common,common,zygomorphic bilabiate flowerszygomorphic bilabiate flowers common, common, 44stamensstamens common common•• 22 families dominated by the 22 families dominated by the mints - mints -LamiaceaeLamiaceaelamiidslamiidscampanulidscampanulidsLamialesLamialeslamiidslamiidscampanulidscampanulids•• many small, isolated families many small, isolated familiesPlacospermataceaePlacospermataceaeOleaceae - olive and ashOleaceae - olive and ashCosmopolitan family of Cosmopolitan family of opposite-leavedopposite-leaved shrubs and trees shrubs and treesCA (4) CA (4) CO (4) or 0 ACO (4) or 0 A 2 2 GG (2) (2)•• 4 merous4 merous flowers flowers•• only only 2 stamens2 stamensSyringa vulgarisSyringa vulgarisLilacLilacOlea europea - Olea europea - oliveoliveOleaceae - olive and ashOleaceae - olive and ash•• olives are one-seeded olives are one-seededdrupesdrupesForsythia suspensaForsythia suspensaGoldenbell, forsythiaGoldenbell, forsythiaLigustrum vulgareLigustrum vulgareEuropean privetEuropean privetOleaceae - olive and ashOleaceae - olive and ashMale flowersMale flowersFemale flowersFemale flowers•• Ashes are usually Ashes are usually unisexualunisexual, other, othergenera are bisexualgenera are bisexualOleaceae - olive and ashOleaceae - olive and ash•• Ashes have Ashes have compoundcompound leavesleaves and anddiamond-furrowed barkdiamond-furrowed barkFraxinus pennsylvanicaFraxinus pennsylvanica - -Red, green ashRed, green ashFraxinus americanaWhite ashFraxinus americana - Fraxinus americana - White ashWhite ashOleaceae - olive and ashOleaceae - olive and ash•• Ashes have Ashes have 1-seeded samaras1-seeded samaras*Lamiaceae - mints*Lamiaceae - mintsHuge cosmopolitan family of 267 genera and nearly 7000 species of herbsHuge cosmopolitan family of 267 genera and nearly 7000 species of herbsand sometimes shrubs or treesand sometimes shrubs or treesMentha longifoliaMentha longifoliaSatureja Satureja in Greecein Greece•• major family of major family of Mediterranean climate Mediterranean climate regions regions •• strongly strongly aromaticaromatic (mint, peppermint, sage, rosemary, thyme) (mint, peppermint, sage, rosemary, thyme) •• square stemssquare stems, , opposite leavesopposite leaves•• flowers congested in flowers congested in verticelsverticels*Lamiaceae - mints*Lamiaceae - mintsCA (5) CA (5) CO (2+3) ACO (2+3) A 4,2 4,2 GG (2) (2)•• flowers two-lipped ( flowers two-lipped (bilabiate - bilabiate - calledcalled Labiatae Labiatae))Stachys palustris -Stachys palustris -hedge nettlehedge nettleSalviaSalvia - sage - sage*Lamiaceae - mints*Lamiaceae - mintsCA (5) CA (5) CO (2+3) ACO (2+3) A 4,2 4,2 GG (2) (2)•• flowers two-lipped ( flowers two-lipped (bilabiatebilabiate))•• stamens 4stamens 4 (or even 2) (or even 2)SalviaSalvia - sage - sageClerodendrumClerodendrum*Lamiaceae - mints*Lamiaceae - mintsCA (5) CA (5) CO (2+3) ACO (2+3) A 4,2 4,2 GG (2) (2)•• flowers two-lipped ( flowers two-lipped (bilabiatebilabiate))•• stamens 4stamens 4 (or even 2) (or even 2)•• 2 carpels, 2 carpels, gynobasicgynobasicGaleopsisGaleopsis•• fruit - 4 fruit - 4 nutletsnutlets*Lamiaceae - mints*Lamiaceae - mintsPrunella vulgarisPrunella vulgaris - -selfhealselfhealGlechoma hederaceaGlechoma hederacea - -creeping charliecreeping charlieNepeta catariaNepeta cataria - -catnipcatnipLeonurus cardiacaLeonurus cardiaca - -motherwortmotherwort*Lamiaceae - mints*Lamiaceae - mintsLycopus americanusLycopus americanusWater