Rosales continued Diversity and Evolution of Rosids hemp figs and legumes Rhamnaceae buckthorns 52 genera 925 species of trees and shrubs in the tropics and temperate areas several genera have extensive radiations Phylica Rhamnus Ceanothus N2 fixing clade Rosaceae is sister to all other families of the order tendencies in rest of the order to loss of petals and shift to unisexual flowers with wind pollination or specialized insect pollination rose hops Rhamnaceae buckthorns 52 genera 925 species of trees and shrubs in the tropics and temperate areas many of our species are armed with thorns leaves are simple and alternate or opposite often with arcuate venation arcing along the edge and serrated edges Phylica Rhamnus Rhamnus cathartica European or common buckthorn invasive Rhamnaceae buckthorns CA 4 5 CO 4 5 A 4 5 G 3 flowers 4 or 5 merous 4 merous shown in common buckthorn stamens opposite the petals unusual in flowering plants Rhamnus cathartica European or common buckthorn Rhamnaceae buckthorns Rhamnus frangula Glossy buckthorn invasive Rhamnus alnifolia alder leaf buckthorn native Rhamnaceae buckthorns CA 4 5 CO 4 5 A 4 5 G 3 fruits one seeded drupes shrubs often confused with cherries and hollies Rhamnus cathartica European or common buckthorn Rhamnaceae buckthorns Ceanothus americanus New Jersey tea N2 fixing Elaeagnaceae Russian olive 3 genera 45 species of trees and shrubs largely in north temperate areas Elaeagnaceae Russian olive 3 genera 45 species of trees and shrubs largely in north temperate areas N2 fixing small trees and shrubs easily recognized by silvery or reddish glandular hairs covering bottom leaves and or stems Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian olive 4 merous flowers and berry fruits Shepherdia buffalo berry Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian olive Elaeagnaceae Russian olive Rosales Urticalean Families The remainder of the Rosales show the transition to reduced unisexual flowers and one seeded fruits Urticales Shepherdia canadensis buffalo berry Shepherdia argentea silver buffalo berry western N Am Buffalo berries are North American species with opposite leaves Ulmaceae elms Ulmaceae elms 6 genera 35 species of North Temperate trees Ulmus americana American elm best known for the American elm with its distinctive vase shaped growth form Dutch Elm disease caused by the fungus Ceratostomella umli has destroyed most large adults leaves are distichously arranged 2 ranks in one plane and pinnately veined leaf bases are strongly asymmetric Zelkova serrata European Ulmus americana American elm Ulmaceae elms CA 4 8 CO 0 A 4 8 G 2 flowers are bisexual but reduced and wind pollinated they appear before the leaves Ulmus americana American elm Ulmaceae elms CA 4 8 CO 0 A 4 8 G 2 pistil is made of two fused carpels but only one seed matures fruit is a samara a winged achene in this case Ulmus americana American elm Note 2 styles on samara Cannabaceae hackberry hops families Celtidaceae hackberry and Cannabaceae hops hemp are now merged into one Cannabaceae with 11 genera and 170 species Cannabaceae hackberry hops Celtis hackberries and relatives are tropical and temperate small trees with unisexual flowers leaves are strongly palmi pinnate with 3 main veins at base this leaf features defines all the other remaining urticalean families Cannabaceae first of the unisexual flowered lineages within Rosales Celtis occidentalis hackberry Cannabaceae hackberry hops Cannabaceae hackberry hops note distinctive warty bark Cannabis with one species is a coarse herb native to Eurasia fruit is a one seeded drupe two subspecies are recognized one the source of the drug 9 tetrahydrocannibol THC and the other the source of hemp fiber oil Celtis occidentalis hackberry Cannabis sativa Hemp marijuana hemp rope manila rope Cannabaceae hackberry hops Cannabaceae hackberry hops Cannabis is either dioecious or monoecious Cannabis sativa Hemp marijuana Female inflorescence Seeds 1 seeded Male inflorescence Cannabaceae hackberry hops Cannabis sativa L fiber oil cultivar subsp sativa var sativa var spontanea weakly intoxicant strongly intoxicant domesticate narcotic cultivar wild subsp indica var indica Cannabis sativa is in all legal statutes not C indica var kafiristanica A practical and natural taxonomy for Cannabis Small Cronquist 1976 Cannabaceae hackberry hops J Forensic Sci 1976 Apr 21 2 239 51 The forensic taxonomic debate on Cannabis semantic hokum Small E It has been asserted that there are legal species of marihuana plants and this contention has generated frequent court challenges of criminal prosecutions involving marihuana Invariably the claim is made that the name C sativa used in legislation is insufficiently comprehensive to proscribe all forms of marihuana The maneuver being used alarmingly is potentially applicable to innumerable other materials but its success is based on a failure to appreciate the subjective nature of taxonomy and the little known but critical ambiguities which are inherent in scientific names The complex principles and operational conventions of biological nomenclature are presented in elementary fashion Despite important technical constraints on the use of scientific names some facts are clear these names are used subjectively they may be highly ambiguous the consensus on use of these names is liable to change with time and most important quite permissibly they may have substantially different meanings to different users The claim that there are legal species of Cannabis merely amounts to a semantic ploy in which certain of the variants of Cannabis that have customarily been understood to be denoted by the species name C sativa and which are clearly understood to be proscribed are simply arbitrarily redefined as different species This ploy has proven unsuccessful in all cases where scientific evidence was adequately presented by the state and in all important court cases where the issue was critically examined Cannabaceae hackberry hops Cannabaceae hackberry hops Humulus has two viney hop species one is the source of lupulin used in the brewing industry hops long in cultivation notice the hop female inflorescence which is source of beer flavoring lupulin 12th century mural in the Middle East North American hop farming Humulus lupulus American hops male flowers female flowers Cannabaceae hackberry hops Urticaceae nettles 54 genera 2600 species largely a tropical family of herbs shrubs or treelets Urtica dioica stinging nettle Humulus japonicus Japanese hops