Water Drop Heat and Energy Transfer Supplementary Textbook Material Chapter 18 p 410 420 Review Questions 2 4 21 26 http www wested org pblnet exp projects H2O html Impurities in Runoff Organic byproducts in water Atmosphere Dissolved substances Silt etc Radon Pollution Sources Contamination of Water Micro organisms Decay products Plant nutrients Petroleum compounds Acid Industry Mining 1 Raw Sewage discharge http www nwri ca sande nov dec 2002 e html Agricultural Runoff Plant nutrient pollution http www na fs fed us SPFO pubs n resource riparianforests Tab 20I htm Oil pollution http www intertanko com tankerfacts sizes pollution htm http www na fs fed us SPFO pubs n resource riparianforests Tab 20I htm Mine leachate Water Pollution http www jvkco com digidare water html http www ew govt nz enviroinfo hscs contam 2 Water Pollution Prevention Drinking water standards http www jvkco com digidare water html Temperature Quantity of hotness Celsius 0o freezing point of pure water at standard pressure 100o boiling point at standard pressure Fahrenheit 0o was lowest attained 32 was his age when he performed experiments 212 is boiling point in those increments Temperature Convert with equations Parentheses first Then multiply or divide Add or subtract last Or use adjacent scales such as in the appendix of Earth Science textbook p 683 Temperature Kelvin same size as degree Celsius Absolute Zero is 0 K notice no degree symbol on K 0o C 273 K Equation for Prelab exercise 2 has error K 273 Co change to 5 C F 32 9 Order of operations 9 F C 32 5 Heat Calorie Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 mL pure water 1o C Food Calories are kilocalories Joule of calorie 1 cal 4 184 J 3 Specific Heat Capacity Quantity of heat needed to change the temperature of given amount of a substance 1o C Water very high specific heat capacity Maritime areas more mild temperature than continental areas Heat Expansion Random motion causes substance to be bigger Liquids usually have greater heat expansion than solids Thermostats use different expansion of different type of metals Water Expansion Unusual response to cooling Contracts until reaching 4o C Expands slightly upon further cooling to 0o C Expands 9 upon freezing Water Expansion Water Molecule Bent Polar Water Expansion Molecule shape fit together closer in liquid Open structured crystal due to hydrogen bonding of polar molecules upon freezing 4
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