PSYCH 333 1nd Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture I. Anxiety DisordersII. Specific PhobiaIII. Social Anxiety DisorderIV. Panic DisorderV. AgoraphobiaVI. Generalized Anxiety DisorderVII. Biological Theories Outline of Current Lecture II. Biological TreatmentsIII. Behavioral TheoriesIV. Cognitive TheoriesV. Cognitive TreatmentsCurrent Lecture- Biological Treatments:o Medications. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Benzodiazepines, similar to valium it impacts GABA, serotonin, and neuro-epinephrine. Beta blockers, used to cardiovascular disease it blocks adrenaline in the central nervous system, used more for panic attacks.- Behavioral Theories:o Mowrer’s two-factor model: Step 1 classical conditioning, pairing unconditioned stimulus with a conditioned response. Step 2 operant conditioning. Classical conditioning initiates the fear, and operant conditioning maintains the fear.o Specific phobia. Prepared learning, evolutionary threat history.o Social anxiety disorder. Effects of bullying, social isolation.o Panic disorder.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Interoceptive cues, sensations in the body like heart fluttering, shaky hands.- Behavioral Treatments:o Exposure-based therapies. Operant conditioning – removing the possibility of negative reinforcement. Classical conditioning – extinction.o Fear hierarchies, starts from the least feared to the most feared.o Gradual exposure.o Relaxation strategies, deep breathing, pleasant imagination exposure.o Biofeedback, monitor to screen ANS arousal.- Think pair share:o Least feared; talking about heights or places that are high.o Showing pictures of different heights or high places.o Walking to a high place.o Looking over the high place.- Cognitive Theories:o Negative beliefs about the future. Changes based on the disorder.o Sense of control (perception, not reality). Everything is outside of their control, and there is nothing they can do about it.o Salience of threat, how threatening a cue is to the person. The type of threat changes by disorder.o GAD – worrying.- Cognitive Treatments:o Identification of distorted cognitions.o Information about base-rate. Possibility vs. probability.o Letting go of worry: mindfulness. Notice the worried thought but not get caught up in them.o Worry – Identification of and exposure to
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