PSYCH 333 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture I Syllabus Outline of Current Lecture II 4 D s of Abnormality a Deviance b Distress c Dysfunction Disability III Behavior on a Spectrum IV Brief History of Abnormal Psychology a Ancient History b Dark Medieval Ages V Rise of Asylums a Philipe Pinel b Dorothea Dix VI Biological Causes for Mental Illness a Syphilis b Galton and Genetics VII Psychological Causes of Mental Illness a Freud and Psychoanalysis VIII Deinstitutionalization Movement a Deinstitutionalization Movement b Community Mental Health IX Modern Health Care A HMOs X Who Provides Mental Health Care a Psychiatrists b Psychologists c Master s Level Practitioners d Psychiatric Nurse Practitioners e Chemical Dependency Counselors Current Lecture 4 D s of Abnormality o Deviance different from the norm not typical These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Depending on the disorder some disorders are a life long disorder autism and others can come and go depression o Distress behavior causes person to feel upset Some people can feel when they re upset other cannot Sometimes others are upset and the person can t tell when those around them are upset o Dysfunction Disability behavior interferes with normal functioning and may completely incapacitate an individual depending on severity level Level of functioning ability may vary across different domains Behavior on a Spectrum o There is no specific line that determines abnormal and normal behavior o Many behaviors can depend on the type of situation o Hallucination can be considered in a normal range of behavior ex Thinking you heard your name d j vu etc o One needs to understand the context of the situation to understand the behavior could be normal losing a loved one and showing depressed symptoms o Syndrome is a collection of symptoms based on characteristics and a disease has a direct way of testing it o Psychological disorder is a cognitive emotional behavior Brief History of Abnormal Psychology o Ancient history Demonology Mental illness as demon possession Early biological theories Hippocrates 5th century B C 3 mental disorder mania lots of energy melancholia depression phrenitis brain fever Normal functioning was determined by the levels of different humors blood black bile yellow bile and phlegm these were ways to try to treat the illness o Dark Medieval ages Demon spirit possession Witches trials Torture often led to bizarre confessions which were interpreted as concourse with the devil Being tortured enough would cause one to claim that they are talking to the devil Lunacy Believed mental illness was due to misalignment of stars and moon Ex When there was a full people did crazy things and act very different Mentally ill individuals were usually cared for by monks and other religious leaders Some were executed Rise of Asylums o St Mary of Bethlehem Bedlam 1243 B C One of the first asylums o Based on notion that mentally ill individuals were dangerous to society locked away from others o Focus on public safety not on treating mental illness o Inhumane conditions High class people would tour the mentally ill Reform and Moral treatment o Philipe Pinel France Europe Took the chains off of the insane Focus on creating a healing environment humanitarian treatment o Dorothea Dix U S Created mental institutions in the U S Focus on humane treatment Patients engaged in peaceful purposeful activities meant to be mentally and spiritually healing o Ex Gardening janitorial work etc This actually stimulated patients and got better Interaction between patients and attendants o Humans are social animals we need interaction Biological Causes for Mental Illness o Syphilis Organic biological cause for mental illness Curable with antibiotics o Galton and genetics Personality and intelligence were heritable Smart parents are more likely to have smart children Mental illness can be inherited Parents with an illness are more likely to have children with an illness Eugenics Sterilized people with illness and was a type of genocide Psychological Causes of Mental Illness o Freud and Psychoanalysis Trained as a neurologist believed he would find biological cause for his theories Early childhood experiences and unconscious conflicts as the cause of mental illness Theory based on a small number of cases Mainly white and wealthy women Extremely popular Deinstitutionalization Movement o Deinstitutionalization Movement Involuntary commitments Patients had no choice to go or not Inhumane treatment Not getting proper treatment patients were abused physically emotionally and mentally Movies books such as One Flew Over the Cuckoo s Nest Showing institutions in a negative light Patient s rights movement Patients had the right to choose their type of treatment and other legal requirements patients had o Community Mental Health Move mentally ill individuals out of hospitals and into the community Focus on out patient treatment Largely influenced by discovery and wide spread use of psychotropic medications to manage mental illness Modern Mental Health Care o HMOs Set amount of money per patient depending on diagnosis Those who are chronically mentally ill don t have enough money to pay for treatment and medication Referral through primary care physician Briefer hospitalizations Lack of access to mental health care Once a patient reached their max amount of money for the year would stop receiving health care Variety of treatments Biological psychological and social Who Provides Mental Health Care o Psychiatrists Medical doctors prescribes medications and use biological treatments o Psychologists PhD in clinical or counseling psychology Therapy and assessment o Master s level practitioners Social workers Marriage and family counselors Licensed mental health counselors therapists etc o Psychiatric nurse practitioners o Chemical dependency counselors Alcoholics and drug addicts