PSYCH 333 1nd Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture II Research Basics III Case Study IV Correlation Design V Experimental Design VI Meta Analysis Outline of Current Lecture II Mood Disorders III Depressive Disorders IV Bipolar Disorders V Major Depressive Disorder VI Persistent Depressive Disorder VII Subtypes of Depressive Disorders VIII Etiology of Depression Biology IX Biological Treatment Current Lecture Mood Disorders o What is mood A feeling that happens and last over time o When does mood become abnormal When it starts interfering with one s dayto day life it lasts for a really long time and can be harmful to one s self Depressive disorders o Major depressive disorder o Persistent depressive disorder o Premenstrual depressive o Disruptive mood deregulation Bipolar disorders o Bipolar I disorder o Bipolar II disorder o Cyclothymic disorder Think pair share o What is depression Feeling sad for a long period of time lack of interest in fun activities negative thoughts and lack of care for one s health These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Major Depressive Disorder o Emotional symptoms depressed mood lack of interest loss of pleasure feeling of guilt worthlessness hopelessness o Cognitive symptoms difficulty concentrating making decision suicidal ideation thoughts of death o Somatic behavioral symptoms sleep disruption appetite disruption changes in motor activity fatigue o Symptoms last for at least two weeks o Course of Major Depressive Disorder Episodic Most common age of onset is early 20s Severity of symptoms typically diminishes with time o Prevalence The most common mental disorder 16 20 of the population will meet this criteria for MDD at some point in their lives o Associated features High mortality rate not just due to suicide HPA axis activation Persistent Depressive Disorder o Same symptoms as MDD Pure Dysthymic fewer symptoms than MDD Chronic MDD same number of symptoms as MDD o Symptoms persist for at least two years o Main difference is the course of the disorder chronic vs episodic o Typical age of onset in earlier late childhood early adolescence o More likely to have sleep abnormalities than in MDD Subtypes of Depressive Disorder o Atypical features mood reactivity increased appetite hypersomnia leaden paralysis o Melancholic features loss of pleasure profound despondency early morning awakening loss of appetite psychomotor agitation guilt symptoms are worse in the morning o Anxious distress anxious symptoms restlessness worry fear tense o Psychotic features hallucinations and or delusions congruency with mood o Seasonal pattern o Peripartum onset depression right around the end of pregnancy or shortly after birth Etiology of Depression Biology o Genetics MDD is 35 40 heritable o Macro anatomy Dorsolateral PFC emotion regulation concentration rumination thinking about a negative thought over and over again Amygdala overactive rumination fear Hippocampus context dependent learning inhibited ACC emotional pain distress o Microanatomy Serotonin Dopamine Norepinephrine o Neuroendocrine system HPA axis activation Role of cortisol in somatic symptoms Impact of cortisol on hippocampus Biological Treatments o Antidepressants Monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAO I Tricyclic antidepressants Serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIS Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors SNRIS Bupropion dopamine norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors o Electroconvulsive therapy ECT o Light therapy for MDD with seasonal pattern