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WSU PSYCH 333 - Personality Disorders Cluster C
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PSYCH 333 1nd Edition Lecture 22 Outline of Last Lecture I. Theories of ASAP (cont)II. Treatment of Antisocial PDIII. Borderline Personality DisorderIV. Narcissistic Personality DisorderV. Histrionic Personality DisorderOutline of Current Lecture II. Theories of Histrionic PDIII. Cluster C: Anxious/Fearful Personality DisorderIV. General Approach to TreatmentV. Neurodevelopmental DisordersVI. ADHDCurrent Lecture- Theories of Histrionic PD:o Psychoanalytic theories. Parental seductiveness.o Being center of attention to cope with low self-esteem. Needs attention from others to feel valued.- Cluster C: Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorder:o Avoidant personality disorder. Pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity tonegative evaluation.- Avoids occupational activities that involve interpersonal contact for fear of criticism.- Unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked.- Shows restraint within intimate relationships for fear of being shamed/ridiculed.- Preoccupied with being criticized or rejected in social situations.- Inhibited in new interpersonal situation due to feelings of inadequacy.- Views self as socially inept of inferior.- Unusually reluctant to try new activities for fear of embarrassing self.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Associated features.- Overly vigilant/hypersensitive to others’ reactions, especially nonverbal cues.- Fearful of anxious response – blushing/crying.- Desire relationships – may fantasize about ideal relationships. Theories.- Genetics.o Heritability between 27-35%.o Overlap with genetic vulnerability for social anxiety.- Little is known because individual with this disorder are reluctant to be interviewed.o Dependent personality disorder. Pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive/clinging behaviors and fears of separation.- Difficulty making everyday decisions without advice and reassurance from others.- Needs others to assume responsibility for most major areas of life.- Difficulty expressing disagreement for fear of loss of support or approval.- Difficulty initiating or doing things on own due to lack of self-confidence.- Goesto excessive lengths to obtain nurturance and support from others.- Feels uncomfortable/helpless when alone due to fears of being unable to care for self.- Urgently seeks out a new relationship when one source of supportends.- Unrealistically preoccupied with being left alone to care for self. Associated features.- Pessimistic, self-doubt, and low self-esteem.- Often belittle their abilities; use self-deprecating humor.- Perceive criticism or disapproval as proof of their worthlessness. Theories.- Parenting styles.o Overprotective, authoritarian.o Insecure attachment – anxious.- Genetics.o Seems to have some genetic contribution, but exact heritability us unknown.o Obsessive-Compulsive personality disorder. Pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency.- Preoccupied with details, rules, lists, organization to the extent that the point of the activity is lost.- Perfectionism that interferes with task completion.- Excessive devotion to work.- Inflexible about moral, ethics, and values.- Difficulty discarding worthless items.- Reluctance to delegate to others due to concerns that others will not meet their standards.- Miserliness.- Rigidity and stubbornness. Associated features.- When rules cannot dictate correct answer, decision-making is timeconsuming.- Show anger/get upset if they cannot control a situation.- Show affection in an overly controlled or stylized manner.- Overly preoccupied with logic and intellect.- Uncomfortable around emotionally expressive people. Theories of OCPD.- Little is known regarding etiology of OCPD.- Genetics.o Conflicting evidence for genetic vulnerability associated with OCD.- Cognitive.o View defects, flaws, and/or disorder as intolerable.- General Approach to Treatment:o Understand how early childhood experiences may have shaped personality.o Cognitive therapy focusing on areas of rigidity. E.g. suspicious thoughts in paranoid PD.o Behavioral interventions. Exposure for more fearful responses. Social skills training. Behavioral “experiences.”Neurodevelopmental Disorders- Neurodevelopmental Disorders:o Deficits early in developmental period.o Wide range – cognitive, social, academic, occupational.o Vary from very specific to general.o DSM-5 Neurodevelopmental disorders: Attention-Deficit/Hypersensitivity Disorder (ADHD). Autism Spectrum Disorder. Intellectual Disability. Specific Learning Disorder.- ADHD:o Persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity.o 6+ symptoms of inattention AND/OR.o 6+ symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity.o Symptoms present prior to age 12.o Symptoms present in multiple settings.o Specify which symptoms are predominant – inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, or both.o Inattention: Careless mistakes/errors; lack of attention to detail. Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks/play activities. Does not seem to listen when spoken to. Does not follow through on instructions; fails to finish activities/projects. Difficulty organizing tasks/activities. Avoids/dislikes/is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained attention. Loses important things. Easily distracted be extraneous stimuli. Forgetful in daily activities.o Hyperactivity/impulsivity: Fidgets, squirms in seat. Often gets out of seat when being seated in expected. Runs about/climbs on things during inappropriate times. Unable to play quietly. Always on the go; acts as if driven by a motor. Talks excessively. Blurts out answer before questions are completed. Difficulty waiting their turn. Interrupts/intrudes on others.o Associated features. More commonly diagnosed in boys.- Girls are more likely to have the predominantly inattentive type. Low frustration tolerance. Novelty-seeking. Irritability/mood lability. Difficulty with peer relationships. Poor academic performance despite adequate intelligence. Comorbid with depression, anxiety,


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WSU PSYCH 333 - Personality Disorders Cluster C

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