PSYCH 333 1nd Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture I Mood Disorders II Depressive Disorders III Bipolar Disorders IV Major Depressive Disorder V Persistent Depressive Disorder VI Subtypes of Depressive Disorders VII Etiology of Depression Biology VIII Biological Treatment Outline of Current Lecture II Etiology of Depression CBT III CBI Treatment IV Etiology of Depression Interpersonal Factors V Interpersonal Treatments of Depression VI Comparing Effectiveness of Treatments for Depressive Disorders VII Bipolar Disorder VIII Mania vs Hyper Mania IX Bipolar Disorders X Comparing the Different Disorders XI Subtypes XII Etiology of Bipolar Biology Current Lecture Etiology of Depression CBT o Beck s negative triad self world and future Acquisition of negative schemas in childhood through experience Lead to cognitive biases o Hopelessness Based on attributions Stable and global negative attributions o Rumination theory Dwelling on negative events o Operant conditioning Lack of reinforcement with excessive punishment These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute CBI Treatment o Cognitive techniques Identify and alter maladaptive thoughts Promote realistic and positive thoughts about the self world and future o Behavioral activation Engage in pleasurable activities Adding positive reinforcements into the person s life o Mindfulness Detachment from depressing thoughts Effective for relapse prevention Paying attention to the present or past Etiology of Depression Interpersonal Factors o Many people up to 67 with depression experience a major life stressor prior to the onset of MDE o Most common stressors are interpersonal Family marital discord end of relationship or loss of employment o Expressed emotion Excessive reassurance seeking o Physiological and psychological effects of loneliness Interpersonal Treatments of Depression o Couples or family counseling o Interpersonal psychotherapy Examines role transitions along with interpersonal conflicts Processing emotion Problem solving Teaching interpersonal skills o May be particularly effective for persistent depressive disorder Comparing Effectiveness of Treatments for Depressive Disorders o Medication and psychotherapy alone are about equally effective o Combination of psychotherapy and medication is the more effective o Medications lead to faster symptom reduction it works quicker o Psychotherapy is more effective than medication if treated by either or Bipolar Disorder o What is mania Elevated happy or irritated mood Increased activity and energy Goal directed activity psychomotor Talkativeness rapid speech pressure speech Flight of ideas Mania vs Hyper mania o Mania Symptoms persist longer at least one week Greater distress impairment May have psychosis o Hyper mania Symptoms last for at least four days Changes in function but impairment is not significant No psychosis Bipolar Disorders o Bipolar I Meets criteria for a manic episode o Bipolar II Meets criteria for MDE Meets criteria for hyper mania o Cyclothymia Alternating mild depression and hyper mania for 2 years Comparing the Different Disorders o Types of mood episodes Episodic vs chronic duration and reoccurrence of symptoms Levels of impairment Subtypes o Same as MDD Melancholic features can only be occurring o Rapid cycling o Seasonal pattern o Mixed features 3 manic symptoms during a MDE of three depressive symptoms during hypo mania Etiology of Bipolar Biology o Genetics 80 90 heritability o Macro anatomy Similar to MDD During mania the reward system is overactive o Microanatomy Deficits in the cell membranes of neurons Oversensitivity to dopamine