PSCYH 333 1nd Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I What is a Diagnosis II Reliability and Validity III Diagnostic and Statistical Manual DSM IV Cultural Considerations V How are Diagnosis Made VI Cultural Considerations part two Outline of Current Lecture II Research Basics III Case Study IV Correlation Design V Experimental Design VI Meta Analysis Current Lecture Research Basics o Theory Framework for understanding behavior usually cause and effect Example cognitive theory the way we think about ourselves the world and the future causes mental illness o Hypothesis Idea that should be true based on the theory Statement that can be tested Example if someone has negative views of themselves that are stable and pervasive then they will be depressed Case Study o Detailed information about one person o Pros Rich description of clinical phenomena Can disprove a theory Can generate future hypotheses o Cons Lack of objectivity author s biases Anecdotal evidence can be spurious These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Correlational Design o Are X and Y related How o Example is the quality of your sleep related to your academic performance Epidemiological studies o Pros Naturalistic Often easier to collect data o Cons Cannot show causality directionally problem 3rd variable problem Experimental Designs o Random assignment of participants to different conditions o Manipulation of the independent variable o Measurement of the dependent outcome variable o Control for possible confounds o Pros Can show causation High internal validity with appropriate controls o Cons Can below in external validity May be impossible example you cannot manipulate exposure to trauma o Randomized controlled trials RCTs Clients are randomly assigned to a treatment condition or a control condition Compare outcomes between the two groups o How to define a treatment condition Trained therapists Treatment manual o How to define a control condition No treatment wait list control Placebo control o Identifying a sample Think Pair Share o Independent variable medication or no medication o Dependent variable people s mood emotion o Sample structured clinical administration o Define control group placebo no treatment o Define treatment therapy Other Experimental Designs o Single case experiment ABAB reversal design Baseline treatment baseline conditions treatment o Analogue studies Study related phenomena Temporary induction of symptoms College students Animal analogues Meta Analysis o Combining research findings across several different studies o Effect size How large is the effect of X and Y o Can be done with correlational or experimental data o Pros Averaging effect sizes reduces the impact of spurious results o Cons Poor quality studies may enter into a meta analysis and alter the average
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