PSYCH 333 1nd Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I What s a Paradigm II Psychological Paradigms III Modern Psychodynamic Approaches IV Impact of Psychodynamics Theories V Humanistic Theories VI Existential Theories VII Impact of Humanistic Existential Theory VIII Behavioral Theories IX Impact of Behavioral Theory X Cognitive Approaches XI Impact of Cognitive Theories XII Cognitive Behavioral Theory Outline of Current Lecture II Genetics Mental Illness is Inherited III Behavior Genetics IV Neuroscience Neurobiology V Neuro Anatomy VI Neurons VII Types of Neurotransmitter VIII Neurotransmitter and Psychopathology IX Neuroendocrine System X Cross Paradigms XI Diathesis Stress Model Current Lecture Genetics Mental Illness is Inherited o Gene contains DNA o Allele different forms of the same gene eye color hair color o Chromosome collections of genes o DNA gene chromosome o Genotype what is contained in our DNA o Phenotype what is expressed These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Recessive genes Can contain mental illness Behavior Genetics o Almost all behavior is polygenic Comes from multiple genes o Heritability Extent to which behavior is determined by genetics Range from 0 100 o Environmental causes Shared vs non shared twin studies o Epigenetics Environment can change how genes are expressed Certain trigger can be turned on by the environment o Gene environment interaction How one reacts to a specific environment is influenced by one s genes o Reciprocal genes and environment interaction Genes predisposed individual the entering certain environment and then respond in a negative way due to being in those environments Example teen girls and depression o Take away message Genetics and environment work simultaneously to produce behavior Neuroscience Neurobiology o Brain structure and function Macro anatomy brain structure Micro anatomy neurons o Neurotransmitters Neuro Anatomy o 2 hemispheres of the brain o 4 lobes per hemisphere Frontal executive decision Temporal hearing Partial special skills Occipital vision o Other important cortical regions Pre frontal cortex Motor cortex Somatosensory cortex Broca Wernieke s area Broca speech production Wernieke speech interpretation o Limbic system emotional Amygdala emotional valance Hippocampus learning Anterior cingulate cortex Septum Hypothalamus hormone regulation o Midbrain Thalamus Corpus collosum connecting fibers o Brain stem Pons Medulla o Cerebellum coordinating motor movement Neurons o Soma cell bodies Nucleus o Axon electrical impulse Axon sheath mylenation o Dendrites receive information o Terminal branches send information Terminal buttons Types of Neurotransmitters o Monoamines plays many roles depends on circuit Serotonin 5 HT Dopamine DA Norepinephrine NE Epinephrine o GABA primary inhibitory neurotransmitters o Glutamate primary excitory neurotransmitter o Acetylcholine ACH Neurotransmitter and Psychopathology o Excess deficient neurotransmitter Production of neurotransmitter Transportation of neurotransmitter Re uptake of neurotransmitter Enzymatic degradation o Excess deficient receptor sites Neuroendocrine System o Important structures Hypothalamus Pituitary gland o HPA axis Fight or flight Chronic stress Strongly implicated in psychopathology Cross Paradigms Factors o Sociocultural Factors Gender social and sex biological Gender norms sex hormones Socioeconomic status Higher rates of mental illness in low SES population Access to mental health care Race culture and ethnicity Culture bound disorder Misattribution of cultural variation to psychopathology Diathesis Stress Model o Diathesis predisposition or vulnerability to developing a metal disorder Can be biological psychological or social Example genetic disposition childhood trauma neglect o Stress triggering event What led to the on set Usually life event good or bad Losing a job college puberty pregnancy