Gates Y2E2 Walkthrough In the Field Energy Audits and LEED Benjamin Welle P E C E M LEED AP PhD Student CIFE CEE Department Stanford University Relevant LEED Credits New Construction and Existing Building LEED NC Energy Atmosphere Prereq 1 Prereq 2 Prereq 3 Credit 1 Credit 2 Credit Credit Credit Credit 3 4 5 6 Fundamental Commissioning of the Building Energy Systems Minimum Energy Performance Fundamental Refrigerant Management Optimize Energy Performance 10 5 New Buildings or 3 5 Existing Building Renovations 14 New Buildings or 7 Existing Building Renovations 17 5 New Buildings or 10 5 Existing Building Renovations 21 New Buildings or 14 Existing Building Renovations 24 5 New Buildings or 17 5 Existing Building Renovations 28 New Buildings or 21 Existing Building Renovations 31 5 New Buildings or 24 5 Existing Building Renovations 35 New Buildings or 28 Existing Building Renovations 38 5 New Buildings or 31 5 Existing Building Renovations 42 New Buildings or 35 Existing Building Renovations On Site Renewable Energy 2 5 Renewable Energy 7 5 Renewable Energy 12 5 Renewable Energy Enhanced Commissioning Enhanced Refrigerant Management Measurement Verification Green Power Indoor Environmental Quality Prereq 1 Prereq 2 Credit 1 Credit 2 Credit 3 1 Credit 3 2 Credit 4 1 Credit 4 2 Credit 4 3 Credit 4 4 Credit 5 Credit 6 1 Credit 6 2 Credit 7 1 Credit 7 2 Credit 8 1 Credit 8 2 Minimum IAQ Performance Environmental Tobacco Smoke ETS Control Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring Increased Ventilation Construction IAQ Management Plan During Construction Construction IAQ Management Plan Before Occupancy Low Emitting Materials Adhesives Sealants Low Emitting Materials Paints Coatings Low Emitting Materials Carpet Systems Low Emitting Materials Composite Wood Agrifiber Products Indoor Chemical Pollutant Source Control Controllability of Systems Lighting Controllability of Systems Thermal Comfort Thermal Comfort Design Thermal Comfort Verification Daylight Views Daylight 75 of Spaces Daylight Views Views for 90 of Spaces LEED EB 17 Points Required Required Required 1 to 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 to 3 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 Energy Atmosphere Prereq 1 Prereq 2 Prereq 3 Credit 1 Credit Credit Credit Credit Credit Credit Credit Credit Credit Credit Credit Credit 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 3 1 3 2 3 3 4 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 15 Points Required Required 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Existing Building Commissioning Minimum Energy Performance Energy Star 60 Ozone Protection Optimize Energy Performance Energy Star Rating 63 Energy Star Rating 67 Energy Star Rating 71 Energy Star Rating 75 Energy Star Rating 79 Energy Star Rating 83 Energy Star Rating 87 Energy Star Rating 91 Energy Star Rating 95 Energy Star Rating 99 Renewable Energy On site 3 Off site 15 Renewable Energy On site 6 Off site 30 Renewable Energy On site 9 Off site 45 Renewable Energy On site 12 Off site 60 Building Operation Maintenance Staff Education Building Operation Maintenance Building Systems Maintenance Building Operation Maintenance Building Systems Monitoring Additional Ozone Protection Performance Measurement Enhanced Metering 4 specific actions Performance Measurement Enhanced Metering 8 specific actions Performance Measurement Enhanced Metering 12 specific actions Performance Measurement Emission Reduction Reporting Indoor Environmental Quality Prereq 1 Prereq 2 Prereq 3 Prereq 4 Credit 1 Credit 2 Credit 3 Credit 4 1 Credit 4 2 Credit 5 1 Credit 5 2 Credit 6 1 Credit 6 2 Credit 7 1 Credit 7 2 Credit 8 1 Credit 8 2 Credit 8 3 Credit 8 4 Credit 9 Credit 10 1 Credit 10 2 Credit 10 3 Credit 10 4 Credit 10 5 Credit 10 6 Outside Air Introduction Exhaust Systems Environmental Tobacco Smoke ETS Control Asbestos Removal or Encapsulation PCB Removal Outside Air Delivery Monitoring Increased Ventilation Construction IAQ Management Plan Documenting Productivity Impacts Absenteeism Healthcare Cost Impacts Documenting Productivity Impacts Other Productivity Impacts Indoor Chemical Pollutant Source Control Reduce Particulates in Air System Indoor Chemical Pollutant Source Control Isolation of High Volume Copy Print Fax Room Controllability of Systems Lighting Controllability of Systems Temperature Ventilation Thermal Comfort Compliance Thermal Comfort Permanent Monitoring System Daylight Views Daylight for 50 of Spaces Daylight Views Daylight for 75 of Spaces Daylight Views Views for 45 of Spaces Daylight Views Views for 90 of Spaces Contemporary IAQ Practice Green Cleaning Entryway Systems Green Cleaning Isolation of Janitorial Closets Green Cleaning Low Environmental Impact Cleaning Policy Green Cleaning Low Environmental Impact Pest Management Policy Green Cleaning Low Environmental Impact Pest Management Policy Green Cleaning Low Environmental Impact Cleaning Equipment Policy 23 Points Required Required Required 1 to 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 22 Points Required Required Required Required 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 HVAC Fundamentals Chillers and Boilers NC EAPr1 EAPr2 EACr1 EACr3 EACr5 EB EAPr1 EAPr2 EACr1 EACr3 2 EACr3 3 EACr5 1 Chillers make cold water and boilers make hot water Chiller The chiller is typically the most energyintensive piece of equipment in the plant as well as the most wasteful Most control sequences are not optimized Huge saving potential Refrigeration Cycle Boiler HVAC Fundamentals Pumps NC EAPr1 EAPr2 EACr1 EACr3 EACr5 EB EAPr2 EAPr2 EACr1 EACr3 2 EACr3 3 EACr5 1 Pumps move the CHW and HW throughout the building via pipes by converting electrical energy to pressure energy Pump Curve Most pumps are constant speed Pump Laws The power the pump consumes varies theoretically by a cubed relationship to the flow Actually it varies to the 2 7 power Pump Laws Pump Curve vs System Curve Centrifugal Pump HVAC Fundamentals Fans NC EAPr1 EAPr2 EACr1 EACr3 EACr5 EB EAPr2 EAPr2 EACr1 EACr3 2 EACr3 3 EACr5 1 Fans move air throughout the building via ducts by converting electrical energy to pressure energy Most fans are constant speed or 2 speed Flow is regulated by either inlet guide vanes discharge dampers or variable frequency drives The latter is the most efficient Fan Laws The power the pump consumes varies theoretically by a cubed relationship to the airflow Actually it varies to the 2 7 power Fan Laws Part Load Fan Eff Typical AHU Typical Centrifugal Fan HVAC Fundamentals VAV Boxes Diffusers and Cooling Towers NC EAPr1 EAPr2 EACr1 EACr3 EACr5 IEQPr1 IEQCr6 2 IEQCr7 1 EB EAPr2 EAPr2 EACr1 EACr3 2 EACr3 3 EACr5 1
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