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Adjustable Speed DriveREFERENCE GUIDE4th Edition$15.95 CDNASD cover 2/12/01 10:40 AM Page 2First Edition, November 1987Second Edition, March 1991Third Edition, February 1995Fourth Edition, August 1997Revised by:Richard Okrasa, P.Eng.Ontario HydroNeither Ontario Hydro, nor any person acting on its behalf,assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of, or fordamages resulting from the use of, any information,equipment, product, method or process disclosed in this guide.Printed in CanadaCopyright © 1997 Ontario HydroIn-House Energy EfficiencyEnergy Savings are Good BusinessASD cover 2/12/01 10:40 AM Page 3ADJUSTABLE SPEEDDRIVEReference Guide4th EditionASD body (0-82) 2/12/01 9:52 AM Page ciT ABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 1Latest Improvements .................................................................................2CHAPTER 1: CLASSIFICATIONS ......................................................................... 3Classification of Motors .......................................................................... 3Classification of Drives ............................................................................ 3CHAPTER 2: PHYSICAL APPEARANCE ................................................................. 5CHAPTER 3: PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION ............................................................ 7Conventional Fixed-speed AC Systems .................................................. 7DC Drives ................................................................................................ 8AC Drives ................................................................................................ 8Eddy Current Clutches ............................................................................. 8Switched Reluctance Drives ...................................................................... 9Vector Drive .......................................................................................... 10Wound-rotor Motor Controllers ............................................................... 10Variable Voltage Controllers .................................................................... 11Variable Frequency Drives ..................................................................... 11Components .......................................................................................... 12Types of Inverters .................................................................................. 13Waveforms ............................................................................................ 14Switching Devices (Power Electronics) ........................................................14Medium Voltage Drives...........................................................................14Recommended Specifications .....................................................................15CHAPTER 4: COMPARISON OF ASDS ............................................................. 17AC Drives .............................................................................................. 17ASD body (0-82) 2/12/01 9:52 AM Page iVariable Voltage Inverter (VVI) ............................................................... 17Current Source Inverter (CSI) ................................................................. 18Pulse Width Modulator (PWM) .............................................................. 20Power Factor Comparison ....................................................................... 22DC Drives .............................................................................................. 23Eddy Current Coupling ......................................................................... 25Cycloconverter.........................................................................................26CHAPTER 5: STANDARD AND OPTIONAL FEATURES ......................................... 33CHAPTER 6: ADVANTAGES ............................................................................. 35Speed Control ........................................................................................ 35Position Control ..................................................................................... 36Torque Control ...................................................................................... 36High Energy Savings Potential ................................................................ 36Soft Start/Regenerative Braking .............................................................. 36Equipment Life Improvement .................................................................. 37Multiple Motor Capability ..................................................................... 37Bypass Capability ................................................................................. 37Safe Operation in Harsh Environments .................................................... 37Temporary or Back-up Operation .............................................................37Reduction in Vibration and Noise Level .................................................... 38Re-acceleration Capability ...................................................................... 38Tips and Cautions .................................................................................. 38CHAPTER 7: APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS .................................................. 39How to Select an ASD ........................................................................... 39Software...................................................................................................42iiT ABLE OF CONTENTSASD body (0-82) 2/12/01 9:52 AM Page iiFinancial Evaluation ................................................................................42Load Characteristics ............................................................................... 42Application Types by Load ..................................................................... 43Tips and Cautions .................................................................................. 46Motor/Drive System .............................................................................. 49Thermal Considerations ......................................................................... 54Other Considerations ............................................................................ 56Efficiency
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