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ARTI-21CR-605-30010-30020-01STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEWWHOLE BUILDING, BUILDING ENVELOPE, AND HVAC COMPONENT AND SYSTEMSIMULATION AND DESIGN TOOLSFinal ReportFebruary 2002Authors: P. Jacobs, H. HendersonARCHITECTURAL ENERGY CORPORATION2540 Frontier Avenue, Suite 201Boulder, Colorado 80301CDH Energy Corp.132 Albany StreetCazenovia, New York 13035Prepared for theAIR-CONDITIONING AND REFRIGERATION TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE4100 North Fairfax Dr., Suite 200, Arlington, Virginia 22203Distribution A – Approved for public release; further dissemination unlimited.DISCLAIMERThis report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the Air-Conditioning andRefrigeration Technology Institute (ARTI) under its “HVAC&R Research for the 21st Century”(21-CR) program. Neither ARTI, the financial supporters of the 21-CR program, or any agencythereof, nor any of their employees, contractors, subcontractors or employees thereof - makesany warranty, expressed or implied; assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy,completeness, any third party’s use of, or the results of such use of any information, apparatus,product, or process disclosed in this report; or represents that its use would not infringe privatelyowned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by tradename, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute nor imply itsendorsement, recommendation, or favoring by ARTI, its sponsors, or any agency thereof or theircontractors or subcontractors. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do notnecessarily state or reflect those of ARTI, the 21-CR program sponsors, or any agency thereof.Funding for the 21-CR program provided by (listed in order of support magnitude):- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC05-99OR22674)- Air-Conditioning & Refrigeration Institute (ARI)- Copper Development Association (CDA)- New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA)- Refrigeration Service Engineers Society (RSES)- Heating, Refrigeration Air-Conditioning Institute of Canada (HRAI)Available to the public fromU.S. Department of CommerceNational Technical Information Service5285 Port Royal RoadSpringfield, VA 22161(703) 487-4650Available to U.S. Department of Energy and its contractors in paper fromU.S. Department of EnergyOffice of Scientific and Technical InformationP.O. Box 62Oak Ridge, TN 37831(423) 576-8401ARTI-21CR-605-30010-30020-01STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEWWHOLE BUILDING, BUILDING ENVELOPE, AND HVAC COMPONENT AND SYSTEMSIMULATION AND DESIGN TOOLSFinal ReportFebruary 2002Authors: P. Jacobs, H. HendersonPrepared for theAIR-CONDITIONING AND REFRIGERATION TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTEUnder ARTI 21-CR Program Contract Number 605-30010 / 605-30020ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis report is the result of two projects completed for the Air Conditioning and RefrigerationTechnology Institute (ARTI). The two research efforts were lead by Architectural EnergyCorporation (AEC) and CDH Energy Corp. Subcontractors participating in the project were:Geopraxis, Inc. was responsible for conducting the key informant interviews and marketresearch components of the project.The Joint Center for Energy Management at the University of Colorado was responsible forconducting background research into the HVAC systems simulation capabilities of whole-building design tools.Oak Ridge National Laboratory was primarily responsible for conducting background researchinto air conditioning and refrigeration equipment simulation tools.The authors at AEC and CDH wish to acknowledge the contributions of the following peoplewho were part of the project teams:• Fred Porter, Michael Holtz, and Laurel Van Driest, AEC.• Daniel Ciolkosz, CDH Energy Corp.• Tom Conlon, Pat Bailey, John Kennedy and Margie Stein, Geopraxis• Michael Brandemuehl and Peter Alspach, the University of Colorado• Keith Rice, Oak Ridge National LaboratoryWe also thank the members of the project monitoring subcommittee at ARTI for their guidanceand feedback through the process, including: Jerry Groff, Drury Crawley, Robert Howe, JohnAndrews, and Bill Murphy. Also, thanks to Fred Buhl at LBNL for his careful review of theearly report drafts.We are also grateful for the guidance and leadership of the other members of the SystemIntegration (SI) committee as well as the ARTI staff, including Elizabeth Jones and GlennHourahan. Their vision and leadership on this joint effort were instrumental its success.State-of-the-Art Review of Whole Building, Building Envelope, and HVAC Component and System Simulation and Design ToolsES-1EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe goal of this project was to provide strategic insight into the requirements for software toolsthat can facilitate integrated energy-efficient designs, particularly in small commercial buildings.The specific objectives of the project were to:• Understand user requirements among three key groups – architectural designers,engineering practitioners, and design/build contractors – with particular attention to theneeds of users from the small building design and construction market.• Survey existing tools – in terms of their technical rigor, modeling approaches to specifictechnologies and systems, and ease of integration into the overall design process.• Evaluate existing tools relative to user requirements – identify where users needs are notmet, where commercialization barriers may be occurring, and where new tool capabilitiesmay be needed.• Provide guidelines for further tool development – to develop recommendations forimprovements to existing tools, and areas where additional R&D or commercializationefforts may be needed.To meet the research objectives, emphasis was placed on characterizing the current use ofsoftware tools in the design community, assessing the users’ perceived needs and identifying anybarriers to adoption. The project approach included the following steps:1. A literature and software review to identify the important design practice issues related tocomputer use in building design, software availability, and simulation model capabilities.2. A survey of top-level software providers and users to assess the current use of whole buildingdesign methods and modeling tools in design practice.3. A web survey of over 200 design professionals to quantitatively estimate in severalcategories of building design decisions: (a) time constraints and tool use, (b) satisfaction withthese
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