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Stanford CEE 215 - Contrasting the Capabilities of Building Energy Performance

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CONTRASTING THE CAPABILITIES OF BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE SIMULATION PROGRAMS Drury B. Crawley1, Jon W. Hand2, Michaël Kummert3, and Brent T. Griffith4 1U S Department of Energy, Washington, DC, USA 2Energy Systems Research Unit, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK 3University of Wisconsin-Madison, Solar Energy Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 4National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA ABSTRACT For the past 50 years, a wide variety of building energy simulation programs have been developed, enhanced and are in use throughout the building energy community. This paper is an overview of a report which provides up-to-date comparison of the features and capabilities of twenty major building energy simulation programs. The comparison is based on information provided by the program developers in the following categories: general modeling features; zone loads; building envelope and daylighting and solar; infiltration, ventilation and multizone airflow; renewable energy systems; electrical systems and equipment; HVAC systems; HVAC equipment; environmental emissions; economic evaluation; climate data availability, results reporting; validation; and user interface, links to other programs, and availability. INTRODUCTION Over the past 50 years, literally hundreds of building energy programs have been developed, enhanced and are in use. The core tools in the building energy field are the whole-building energy simulation programs which provide users with key building performance indicators such as energy use and demand, temperature, humidity, and costs. During that time, a number of comparative surveys of energy programs have been published, ranging from comprehensive surveys of building energy simulation programs to reviews of single topics such as daylighting tools or energy auditing. Yet in our study we found that no comprehensive comparative survey of tools had been conducted in the past ten years. This paper provides a small excerpt from a much longer report which compares the features of twenty major building energy simulation programs: BLAST, BSim, DeST, DOE-2.1E, ECOTECT, Ener-Win, Energy Express, Energy-10, EnergyPlus, eQUEST, ESP-r, IDA ICE, IES <VE>, HAP, HEED, PowerDomus, SUNREL, Tas, TRACE and TRNSYS. The developers of these programs provided initial detailed information about their tools. This report by Crawley, Hand, Kummert, and Griffith (2005) includes more than five pages of detailed references for the surveys mentioned above as well as for the 20 tools. The report contains detailed tables comparing the features and capabilities of the programs in the following 14 categories: General Modeling Features, Zone Loads, Building Envelope and Daylighting, Infiltration, Ventilation and Multizone Airflow, Renewable Energy Systems, Electrical Systems and Equipment, HVAC Systems, HVAC Equipment, Environmental Emissions, Economic Evaluation, Climate Data Availability, Results Reporting, Validation, and User Interface, Links to Other Programs, and Availability. The detailed report is available on the web: www.energytoolsdirectory.gov/pdfs/comparative_paper.pdf OVERVIEW OF THE TWENTY PROGRAMS BLAST Version 3.0 Level 334, August 1998 www.bso.uiuc.edu/BLAST The Building Loads Analysis and System Thermodynamics (BLAST) system predicts energy consumption and energy system performance and cost in buildings. BLAST contains three major subprograms: Space Loads Prediction, Air System Simulation, and Central Plant. Space Loads Prediction computes hourly space loads given hourly weather data and building construction and operation details using a radiant, convective, and conductive heat balance for all surfaces and a heat balance of the room air. This includes transmission loads, solar loads, internal heat gains, infiltration loads, and the temperature control strategy used to maintain the space temperature. BLAST can be used to investigate the energy performance of new or retrofit building design options of almost any type and size. BSim Version 4.4.12.11 www.bsim.dk BSim provides user-friendly simulation of detailed, combined hygrothermal simulations of buildings and constructions. The package comprise several modules: SimView (graphic editor), tsbi5 (building Ninth International IBPSA Conference Montréal, Canada August 15-18, 2005 - 231 -simulation), SimLight (daylight), XSun (direct sunlight and shadowing), SimPV (photovoltaic power), NatVent (natural ventilation) and SimDxf (import from CAD). BSim has been used extensively over the past 20 years, previously under the name tsbi3. Today BSim is the most commonly used tool in Denmark, and with increasing interest abroad, for energy design of buildings and for moisture analysis. DeST Version 2.0, 2005 www.dest.com.cn (Chinese version only) DeST (Designer’s Simulation Toolkits) allows detailed analysis of building thermal processes and HVAC system performance. DeST comprises a number of different modules for handling different functions: Medpha (weather data), VentPlus (natural ventilation), Bshadow (external shading), Lighting (lighting), and CABD (CAD interface). BAS (Building Analysis & Simulation) performs hourly calculations for indoor air temperatures and cooling/heating loads for buildings, including complicated buildings of up to 1000 rooms. There are five versions in the DeST family: DeST-h (residences), DeST-c (commercial), DeST-e (building evaluation), DeST-r (building ratings) and DeST-s (solar buildings). DeST has been widely used in China for various prestige large structures such as the State Grand Theatre and the State Swimming Centre. DOE-2.1E Version 121, September 2003 simulationresearch.lbl.gov DOE-2.1E predicts the hourly energy use and energy cost of a building given hourly weather information, a building geometric and HVAC description, and utility rate structure. DOE-2.1E has one subprogram for translation of input (BDL Processor), and four simulation subprograms (LOADS, SYSTEMS, PLANT and ECON). LOADS, SYSTEMS and PLANT are executed in sequence, with the output of LOADS becoming the input of SYSTEMS, etc. The output then becomes the input to ECONOMICS. Each of the simulation subprograms also produces printed reports of the results of its calculations. DOE-2.1E has been used extensively for more than 25 years for both building design studies, analysis of retrofit opportunities, and for developing and testing building energy standards in the U.S. and around the world. The


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Stanford CEE 215 - Contrasting the Capabilities of Building Energy Performance

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