Stanford University Environment Energy Building Life Cycle Analysis Photovoltaic Systems Black II I HVAC System PV Systems Water Systems Daylight Harvesting Energy Recovery Waterless Urinals III Green Roof IV Stanford University Environment Energy Building Life Cycle Analysis Photovoltaic Systems April 2006 Ove Arup Partners California Ltd 901 Market Street Suite 260 San Francisco CA 94103 Tel 1 415 957 9445 Fax 1 415 957 9096 www arup com This report takes into account the particular instructions and requirements of our client It is not intended for and should not be relied upon by any third party and no responsibility is undertaken to any third party Job number 130688 Document Verification Page 1 of 1 Environment Energy Building Job title Job number 130688 Document title Life Cycle Analysis Photovoltaic Systems File reference Document ref Revision Date Filename Draft 1 04 04 06 Description Name First draft Prepared by Checked by Approved by CR AK CR AMc AMc approved on 02 13 06 CR Signature Issue 04 04 06 Filename 040406 E E LCA PV Systems wExpanded Appendix DW final doc Description Added appendices B C Name Prepared by Checked by Approved by CR AK CR AMc Prepared by Checked by Approved by Prepared by Checked by Approved by Signature Filename Description Name Signature Filename Description Name Signature Issue Document Verification with Document J 130688 4 INTERNAL PROJECT DATA 4 04 CALCULATIONS MECH LCCA PV 040406 E E LCA PV SYSTEMS WEXPANDED APPENDIX FINAL DOC Ove Arup Partners California Ltd Issue April 4 2006 Stanford University Environment Energy Building Life Cycle Analysis Photovoltaic Systems CONTENTS Page 1 1 Executive Summary 2 Project Description 2 3 Objective 4 4 LCCA Metrics and Criteria 4 5 Alternatives to be Studied 4 6 Scenario Analysis 5 7 Scenarios Sensitivity Analysis 5 8 Additional Considerations Potential Role of Incentives Performance of Thin Films True Value of Generated Electricity 8 9 Intangibles and Externalities 11 10 Conclusion and Recommendation 12 Appendix A Senarios Summary Appendix B Sensitivity Graphic Summary by Technology Appendix C Technology Specific Summary J 130688 4 INTERNAL PROJECT DATA 4 04 CALCULATIONS MECH LCCA PV 040406 E E LCA PV SYSTEMS WEXPANDED APPENDIX FINAL DOC Ove Arup Partners California Ltd Issue April 4 2006 Stanford University Environment Energy Building Life Cycle Analysis Photovoltaic Systems As an outgrowth of the Environment Energy schematic design process three photovoltaic scenarios underwent Life Cycle Cost Analysis to determine the economic viability of the strategies determine the sensitivity of each strategy to given assumptions and improve Stanford knowledge as to project rationale in light of notable intangibles and externalities The results suggest that the Demonstrative Scenario has the strongest potential to be both economically justifiable and educational This scenario emphasized a balance between first cost and power production while emphasizing life cycle cost effectiveness building integration into multiple locations and the use of different technologies Thin film technology is assumed to be incorporated into the south roof displacing clay roof tiles monocrystalline modules sandwiched between glass with transparent interstitial spaces forming a patchwork pattern are assumed to be incorporated into each atria displacing fritted glass and etched thin film is assumed to be incorporated into external shades over south windows displacing extruded aluminum shades No scenario offered an attractive economic return using the Stanford Guidelines for Life Cycle Analysis Sensitivity analysis however demonstrated that the thin film technology on the south roof is life cycle cost effective with a payback of 8 yrs that true valuation of the electricity produced may result in paybacks in 10 years for two of the three scenarios and that incentives held the possibility of making all scenarios very attractive on an economic basis All scenarios offer significant intangible benefits including but not limited to Educational Potential Peak Power Delivery Architectural Impact Good Neighbor Status Prestige Among Stanford s Peer Group Performance Criteria LEED Synergy Additional key topics such as the role of electricity cost future electricity escalation and the role of incentives were identified as well as the importance intangibles play in the decision making process J 130688 4 INTERNAL PROJECT DATA 4 04 CALCULATIONS MECH LCCA PV 040406 E E LCA PV SYSTEMS WEXPANDED APPENDIX FINAL DOC Page 1 Ove Arup Partners California Ltd Issue April 4 2006 Stanford University Environment Energy Building Life Cycle Analysis Photovoltaic Systems The new Stanford Environment Engineering Building E E aspires to elevate the level of attention paid to electrical energy as a resource This aspiration is driven by a recognition of the impacts of energy consumption on the broader environment by an awareness of the increasing risk associated with limited supply amidst growing demand and lastly as a natural progression of what has long been a University wide desire to sustain itself within the natural limits of its environment As an outgrowth of this aspiration and in an effort to employ an increasing commitment to life cycle thinking Stanford has commissioned a detailed study of photovoltaic system scenarios within the framework of a Life Cycle Cost Analysis Emphasis on Cost Cost Scenario This scenario emphasized the lowest first cost investment by incorporating technologies that benefited most from offset material costs by having low cost per unit area Thin film technology is assumed to be incorporated into the south roof displacing clay roof tiles Etched thin film is assumed to be incorporated into each atria displacing fritted glass J 130688 4 INTERNAL PROJECT DATA 4 04 CALCULATIONS MECH LCCA PV 040406 E E LCA PV SYSTEMS WEXPANDED APPENDIX FINAL DOC Page 2 Ove Arup Partners California Ltd Issue April 4 2006 Stanford University Environment Energy Building Life Cycle Analysis Photovoltaic Systems Emphasis on Energy Output Output Scenario This scenario emphasized the highest energy output by incorporating technologies that are highly efficient on a per unit area basis Monocrystalline madules are assumed to be incorporated into the south roof displacing clay roof tiles Monocrystalline modules sandwiched between glass with transparent interstitial spaces forming a patchwork pattern are assumed to be incorporated into each atria displacing fritted glass
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