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Stanford CEE 215 - Study Notes

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SummaryWhat Is Building Commissioning?Who Does Building Commissioning?Table 1: What do different types of commissioning agents bringFive Steps for Successful Building Commissioning1. Put the Design Intent in Writing2. Incorporate Commissioning Requirements into the SpecificantionsTable 2: Customary roles and responsibilities of commissioning3. Inspect Building Systems During ConstructionFig. 1: Pre-start inspection checklist for a water-cooled chiller4. Test the System FunctionsFig. 2: Functional performance tests for a water- cooled chillerFig. 3: Cooling tower performance dataFig. 4: Economizer performance plots5. Train the Building OperatorsCase Studies1. Commissioning the Hard WayFig. 5: Signs of trouble in air-handling systemsWhat Went Wrong?2. The Benefits of Doing It RightFor More InformationNotesSummaryCommissioning is a quality-assurance process designed to increasethe likelihood that a newly constructed building will meet clientexpectations. Although commissioning was originally created toensure that HVAC systems were correctly specified and properlyinstalled in building projects, the process can be applied to near-ly any building system. In projects all over the country, buildingindustry professionals are finding that commissioned buildings aremore energy efficient, more comfortable, and easier to maintain.Commissioning stretches over the entire design and constructionprocess. It should ideally begin at the design phase, with theselection of a commissioning agent who helps ensure that thebuilding owners and designers’ intent is written into project doc-umentation. The building designers then incorporate commis-sioning requirements into their specifications. Later, the commis-sioning agent is responsible for inspecting building systems dur-ing construction, and when the project is near completion, theagent and contractors conduct rigorous performance tests. At theend of the commissioning process designers and vendors providebuilding operators with training and documentation to ensure theproper operation and maintenance of the building. Commissioning a new building costs about $0.30 to $0.90 persquare foot. On average, simple payback periods for such invest-ments range from about three to four years, as a result of energysavings, improved occupant comfort and productivity, and reducedrework costs.design briefenergydesignresourcesIn projects all over the country,building-industry professionalsare finding that commissionedbuildings are more energy effi-cient, more comfortable, and eas-ier to maintain.contentsWhat Is Building Commissioning? 2Who Does Building Commissioning? 4Five Steps for SuccessfulBuilding Commissioning 7Case Studies 19For More Information 24Notes 25building commissioningpage 2 building commissioningWhat Is Building Commissioning?Commissioning is a quality-assurance process conductedthroughout a construction project to increase the likelihood thata building will meet client expectations. Tersely defined byASHRAE (the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and AirConditioning Engineers) as “the process of ensuring that systemsare designed, installed, functionally tested, and capable of beingoperated and maintained to perform in conformity with thedesign intent,”1commissioning starts as soon as a new facility isconceptualized, and it continues until the building is occupied.Through this process, expectations for the performance of thebuilding systems are established and procedures are put in placeto determine whether those expectations have been met.Although commissioning was originally formulated to beapplied specifically to HVAC systems, the process can beapplied to nearly any building system.Commissioning procedures include careful documentation fromthe beginning to the end of the project, inspections during con-struction, testing to ensure that the installed systems meet thedesign requirements, and training for operations and mainte-nance (O&M) personnel to ensure that the building will be oper-ated as designed. The process begins with the creation of adesign intent document that becomes the basis for all subsequentdesign planning and evaluation. That document is used through-out the commissioning process as a benchmark for determiningwhether the building meets the design intent. During construc-tion, inspections are conducted to identify any installation ordesign problems that can be more easily dealt with during—rather than after—construction. After the systems have beeninstalled, a series of tests are performed to make sure that theequipment operates properly and meets the design intent. In projects all over the country, industry professionals are find-ing that commissioned buildings are more energy efficient, morecomfortable, and easier to maintain. They are also finding thatCommissioning includes careful docu-mentation from the beginning to the endof a project, inspections during construc-tion, testing to ensure that the installedsystems meet the design requirements,and training for operations and mainte-nance personnel.page 3building commissioningin many cases, these buildings are less expensive to own andoperate over the long haul.The Division of Facilities and Services of Montgomery County,Maryland, has included commissioning on about ten of its pro-jects. The division is very happy with the results. Although thecommissioning process requires more time and money for plan-ning and review, checking and correcting work throughout thedesign and construction process has dramatically reduced theamount of rework required at the end of the construction cycle.The division’s overall costs have been about the same as withoutcommissioning. However, the benefits of the process have beenimmediate: Occupants have been able to move into the com-missioned buildings sooner that would otherwise have been pos-sible, and there have been far fewer post-occupancy problems. On two representative Montgomery County projects, the divi-sion estimates that commissioning saved them $1.57 per squarefoot due to reduced mechanical/electrical change orders andclaims, plus another $0.48 per square foot in energy costs dur-ing the first year of occupancy.2Because Montgomery Countyrequires all contractors to include commissioning as a part oftheir bids, the specific cost of commissioning on these two pro-jects is difficult to determine, but based on typical commission-ing costs ranging from $0.30 to $0.90 per square foot, and thesavings noted above, the process


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Stanford CEE 215 - Study Notes

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