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Table of ContentsForewordExecutive SummaryObjectiveDiscussionConclusions1.0 IntroductionBackground Information1.1 Historical Context of Building Energy Analysis Information1.2 History of SERI Validation Work1.3 References1.4 Bibliography2.0 Literature Search2.1 Nature of and Need for Validation2.2 Existing Validation Studies2.3 Suggestions for Further Validation2.4 References3.0 Validation Philosophy3.1 Validation Levels3.1.1 External Errors3.1.2 Internal Errors3.1.3 Extrapolations3.2 Methodological Approach3.2.1 Comparative Studies3.2.2 Analytical Verification3.2.3 Empirical Validation3.3 References4.0 Comparative Studies4.1 Phase I Comparative Study: DOE-2.1. BLAST-2MRT, DEROB-3, and SUNCAT-2.44.1.1 Input Equivalence4.1.2 Solar Radiation4.1.3 Hourly Free-Float Temperature Profiles4.1.4 Annual Heating and Cooling Loads4.1.5 Discussion4.1.6 Conclusions4.2 Phase II Comparative Study: DOE-2.1, BLAST-3.0, DEROB-4, and SUNCAT-2.44.2.1 Test Building Characteristics4.2.2 Annual Heating and Cooling Loads4.2.3 Discussion4.2.4 BLAST-3.04.2.5 Conclusions4.3 References5.0 Analytical Verification5.1 Philosophy5.2 Theoretical Background5.3 Weather Data5.3.1 Type A Weather5.3.2 Type B Weather5.3.3 Use of the Weather Data5.4 Test Procedures5.5 Code Modifications5.5.1 SUNCAT-2.45.5.2 DOE-2.15.5.3 DEROB-3 and DEROB-45.5.4 BLAST-3.05.6 Test Results5.6.1 Low-Mass Decay and Steady-State Heat Loss5.6.2 Mid-Mass Decay Test5.6.3 High-Mass Decay Test5.6.4 Glazing Test5.6.5 Conservation Test5.6.6 Infiltration Test5.6.7 Solar Charging and Window Transmissivity5.6.8 Mid-Mass Charging Test5.6.9 High-Mass Charging Test5.7 Conclusions5.8 References6.0 Empirical Validation6.1 Empirical Validation Philosophy: Qualitative Presentation6.1.1 Take Measurements in Unoccupied Controlled Buildings6.1.2 Minimize External Error Sources6.1.3 Record Data for Individual Heat Transfer Mechanisms and the Overall Building6.1.4 Modify Structure to Eliminate Inappropriate Mechanisms6.1.5 Provide Consistency Checks on Data6.1.6 Defined Methods for Comparison Including Effects of Measurement Errors6.2 Implementation of Validation Philosophy: Technical Presentation6.2.1 Measurement Methods6.2.2 SERI Field Site Installation6.2.3 Minimizing External Error Sources: Measurement of Input Parameters6.2.4 Mechanism Isolation6.3 Data Processing6.3.1 Data Hardware6.3.2 Data Software6.4 Other Sources of Validation Data at SERI6.4.1 Performance Test Group Cells, Nos. 1 to 46.4.2 Selective Surface Test Box6.5 Nomenclature6.6 References7.0 Program Descriptions and Comparisons7.1 Introduction7.2 Program Comparisons7.2.1 User Interface7.2.2 Solution Technique7.2.3 Radiation Modeling7.2.4 Convection and Conduction Modeling7.2.5 Systems and Schedules7.2.6 Passive Solar Applications7.3 SUNCAT 2.47.3.1 User Interface7.3.2 Solution Technique7.3.3 Radiation Modeling7.3.4 Convection and Conduction Modeling7.3.5 Systems and Schedules7.4 DEROB 47.4.1 User Interface7.4.2 Solution Technique7.4.3 Radiation Modeling7.4.4 Convection and Conduction Modeling7.4.5 Systems and Schedules7.5 BLAST 3.07.5.1 User Interface7.5.2 Solution Technique7.5.3 Radiation Modeling7.5.4 Convection and Conduction Modeling7.5.5 Systems and Schedules7.6 DOE 2.17.6.1 User Interface7.6.2 Solution Technique7.6.3 Radiation Modeling7.6.4 Convection and Conduction Modeling7.6.5 Systems and Schedules7.7 References8.0 Conclusions and Future Work8.1 Conclusions8.2 Future WorkAppendix AA.1 Low-Mass Decay and Steady-State Heat Loss TestMechanisms TestedWeather TypeTest BuildingTest Building DescriptionProcedureInterpretation of ResultsNotes on Implementation of the Test A.2 Mid-Mass Decay and Steady-State Heat Loss TestMechanisms TestedWeather TypeTest BuildingTest Building DescriptionProcedureInterpretation of ResultsNotes on Implementation of the TestA.3 High-Mass Decay and Steady-State Beat Loss TestMechanisms TestedWeather TypeTest BuildingTest Building DescriptionProcedureInterpretation of ResultsNotes on Implementation of the TestA.4 Glazing TestMechanisms TestedWeather TypeTest BuildingTest Building DescriptionProcedureInterpretation of ResultsNotes on the Implementation of the TestA.5 Conservation TestMechanisms TestedWeather TypeTest BuildingTest Building DescriptionProcedureInterpretation of ResultsNotes on Implementation of the TestA.6 Infiltration TestMechanisms TestedProcedureInterpretation of ResultsNotes on Implementation of the TestA.7 Solar, Charging, and Window Transmissivity TestMechanism TestedWeather TypeTest BuildingTest Building DescriptionProcedureInterpretation of ResultsNotes on Implementation of the TestA.8 Glazing Transmissivity TestMechanism TestedWeather TypeTest BuildingTest Building DescriptionProcedureInterpretation of ResultsA.9 Mid-Mass ChargeMechanism TestedWeather TypeTest BuildingTest Building DescriptionProcedureInterpretation of ResultsNotes on Implementation of the TestA.10 High-Mass Charge TestMechanism TestedWeather TypeTest BuildingTest Building DescriptionProcedureInterpretation of ResultsNotes on Implementation of the TestAppendix BA national laboratory of the U.S. Department of EnergyOffice of Energy Efficiency & Renewable EnergyNational Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future A Methodology for Validating Building Energy Analysis Simulations R. Judkoff, D. Wortman, B. O’Doherty, and J. Burch National Renewable Energy Laboratory This work was performed during the early 1980s and the report was written in 1983 but not published. It was, however, distributed informally to some experts in the field and was referenced as SERI/TR-254-1508. It was recently prepared for publication, but the information has not been updated. Technical Report NREL/TP-550-42059 April 2008 NREL is operated by Midwest Research Institute ● Battelle Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337National Renewable Energy Laboratory1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 Technical Report NREL/TP-550-42059 April 2008 A Methodology for Validating Building Energy Analysis Simulations R. Judkoff, D. Wortman, B. O’Doherty, and J. Burch National Renewable Energy Laboratory Prepared under Task No. 54004000NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of
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