CoverTitle PageContentsAbout the Contributing OrganizationsAcknowledgmentsExecutive SummaryPart I RATIONALE1.1 A Tour of the Guide1.2 Purpose1.3 Current Federal RegulationsPart II ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENERGY DECISION-MAKING2.1 Green Teams – Innovations in Planning,Design,and Operation2.2 Economic and Environmental Analysis2.3 Green Procurement2.4 Alternative FinancingPart III SITE AND LANDSCAPE ISSUES3.1 Land-Use Planning and Transportation3.2 Site Selection and Site Planning3.3 Building Placement and Orientation on a Site3.4 General Landscaping Principles3.5 Stormwater Management3.6 Plantings in the Sustainable Landscape3.7 Water Use in the Landscape3.8 Chemical Use in the LandscapePart IV BUILDING DESIGN4.1 Integrated Building Design4.1.1 Passive Solar Design4.1.2 Daylighting Design4.1.3 Natural Ventilation4.2 Building Envelope4.2.1 Windows and Glazing Systems4.2.2 InsulationPart V ENERGY SYSTEMS5.1 Energy and Conservation Issues5.2 HVAC Systems5.2.1 Boilers5.2.2 Air Distribution Systems5.2.3 Chillers5.2.4 Absorption Cooling5.2.5 Desiccant Dehumidification5.2.6 Ground-Source Heat Pumps5.2.7 HVAC Technologies to Consider5.3 Water Heating5.3.1 Heat-Recovery Water Heating5.3.2 Solar Water Heating5.4 Lighting5.4.1 Linear Fluorescent Lighting5.4.2 Electronic Ballasts5.4.3 Compact Fluorescent Lighting5.4.4 Lighting Controls5.4.5 Exterior Lighting5.5 Office,Food Service,and Laundry Equipment5.5.1 Office Equipment5.5.2 Food Service/Laundry Equipment5.6 Energy Management5.6.1 Energy Management and Control Systems5.6.2 Managing Utility Costs5.7 Electric Motors and Drives5.7.1 High-Efficiency Motors5.7.2 Variable-Frequency Drives5.7.3 Power Factor Correction5.7.4 Energy-Efficient Elevators5.8 Electrical Power Systems5.8.1 Power Systems Analysis5.8.2 Transformers5.8.3 Microturbines5.8.4 Fuel Cells5.8.5 Photovoltaics5.8.6 Wind Energy5.8.7 Biomass Energy Systems5.8.8 Combined Heat and PowerPart VI WATER AND WASTEWATER6.1 Water Management6.2 Toilets and Urinals6.3 Showers,Faucets,and Drinking Fountains6.4 Electronic Controls for Plumbing Fixtures6.5 Reclaimed Water6.6 Graywater Collection and Use6.7 Rainwater Harvesting6.8 On-site Wastewater Treatment SystemsPart VII MATERIALS,WASTE MANAGEMENT, AND RECYCLING7.1 Material Selection7.1.1 Writing Green Specifications7.1.2 Structural Building Components7.1.3 Wood Products7.1.4 Low-Slope Roofing7.1.5 Floor Coverings7.1.6 Paints and Wall Coverings7.1.7 Contract Furnishings7.2 Operational Waste Reduction and Recycling7.3 Construction Waste Management7.4 DeconstructionPart VIII INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY8.1 Indoor Air Quality8.2 Controlling Soil Gases8.3 Controlling Biological Contaminants8.4 Productivity in the Workplace8.5 Noise Control and PrivacyPart IX MANAGING BUILDINGS9.1 The Role of Operations & Maintenance (O&M)9.2 Building Commissioning9.3 Maintaining Healthy Indoor Environments9.4 Leased Buildings9.5 Measuring and Monitoring Benefits9.6 Setting Standards and Training9.7 Employee Incentive ProgramsGREENING FEDERAL FACILITIESAn Energy, Environmental, and Economic Resource Guidefor Federal Facility Managers and DesignersSECOND EDITIONDOE/GO-102001-1165iGreening Federal FacilitiesAn Energy, Environmental, and Economic Resource Guidefor Federal Facility Managers and DesignersSECOND EDITION“Then I say the earth belongs to each ...generation during its course, fully and in its own right,no generation can contract debts greater than may bepaid during the course of its own existence.”Thomas Jefferson, September 6, 1789Produced for:U.S. Department of EnergyOffice of Energy Efficiency and Renewable EnergyFederal Energy Management ProgramProduced by:BuildingGreen, Inc., Brattleboro, VermontUnder:NREL Subcontract No. AAR-0-29469-01DOE Prime Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337May 2001Design and Imagesetting by:Joy Wallens-PenfordEdited by:Alex Wilson, BuildingGreen, Inc.iiContentsAbout the Contributing Organizations .......... ivAcknowledgments ............................................ vExecutive Summary ....................................... viiPart IRATIONALE1.1 A Tour of the Guide .................................. 21.2 Purpose ..................................................... 41.3 Current Federal Regulations ................... 6Part IIENVIRONMENTAL AND ENERGYDECISION-MAKING2.1 Green Teams – Innovations inPlanning, Design, and Operation .......... 102.2Economic and Environmental Analysis.. 122.3 Green Procurement ................................ 142.4 Alternative Financing ............................ 16Part IIISITE AND LANDSCAPE ISSUES3.1Land-Use Planning and Transportation...203.2 Site Selection and Site Planning ........... 223.3 Building Placement and Orientationon a Site .................................................. 243.4 General Landscaping Principles............ 263.5 Stormwater Management ...................... 283.6Plantings in the Sustainable Landscape.. 303.7 Water Use in the Landscape .................. 323.8 Chemical Use in the Landscape ............ 34Part IVBUILDING DESIGN4.1 Integrated Building Design ................... 384.1.1 Passive Solar Design ................... 404.1.2 Daylighting Design...................... 424.1.3 Natural Ventilation ..................... 444.2 Building Envelope .................................. 464.2.1 Windows and Glazing Systems ... 484.2.2 Insulation ..................................... 50Part VENERGY SYSTEMS5.1 Energy and Conservation Issues ........... 545.2 HVAC Systems........................................ 565.2.1 Boilers .......................................... 585.2.2 Air Distribution Systems ............ 605.2.3 Chillers ......................................... 625.2.4 Absorption Cooling ...................... 665.2.5 Desiccant Dehumidification ........ 685.2.6 Ground-Source Heat Pumps ....... 705.2.7HVAC Technologies to Consider ...725.3 Water Heating ........................................ 745.3.1 Heat-Recovery Water Heating .... 765.3.2 Solar Water Heating.................... 785.4 Lighting................................................... 805.4.1 Linear Fluorescent Lighting ....... 825.4.2 Electronic Ballasts....................... 845.4.3 Compact Fluorescent Lighting ... 865.4.4 Lighting Controls ........................ 885.4.5 Exterior Lighting ......................... 905.5 Office, Food Service, and LaundryEquipment .............................................. 92iii5.5.1 Office Equipment......................... 945.5.2Food Service/Laundry Equipment.965.6
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