DOE GO 102001 1165 GREENING FEDERAL FACILITIES An Energy Environmental and Economic Resource Guide for Federal Facility Managers and Designers SECOND EDITION Greening Federal Facilities An Energy Environmental and Economic Resource Guide for Federal Facility Managers and Designers SECOND EDITION Then I say the earth belongs to each generation during its course fully and in its own right no generation can contract debts greater than may be paid during the course of its own existence Thomas Jefferson September 6 1789 Produced for U S Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Federal Energy Management Program Produced by BuildingGreen Inc Brattleboro Vermont Under NREL Subcontract No AAR 0 29469 01 DOE Prime Contract No DE AC36 99GO10337 Edited by Design and Imagesetting by Alex Wilson BuildingGreen Inc Joy Wallens Penford May 2001 i Contents About the Contributing Organizations iv Acknowledgments v Part IV BUILDING DESIGN 4 1 Integrated Building Design 38 Executive Summary vii Part I RATIONALE 1 1 A Tour of the Guide 2 1 2 Purpose 4 1 3 Current Federal Regulations 6 Part II ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENERGY DECISION MAKING 4 1 1 Passive Solar Design 40 4 1 2 Daylighting Design 42 4 1 3 Natural Ventilation 44 4 2 Building Envelope 46 4 2 1 Windows and Glazing Systems 48 4 2 2 Insulation 50 Part V ENERGY SYSTEMS 5 1 Energy and Conservation Issues 54 2 1 Green Teams Innovations in Planning Design and Operation 10 5 2 HVAC Systems 56 2 2 Economic and Environmental Analysis 12 5 2 2 Air Distribution Systems 60 2 3 Green Procurement 14 5 2 3 Chillers 62 2 4 Alternative Financing 16 5 2 4 Absorption Cooling 66 5 2 1 Boilers 58 5 2 5 Desiccant Dehumidification 68 Part III SITE AND LANDSCAPE ISSUES 5 2 6 Ground Source Heat Pumps 70 5 2 7 HVAC Technologies to Consider 72 3 1 Land Use Planning and Transportation 20 3 2 Site Selection and Site Planning 22 3 3 Building Placement and Orientation on a Site 24 3 4 General Landscaping Principles 26 3 5 Stormwater Management 28 3 6 Plantings in the Sustainable Landscape 30 3 7 Water Use in the Landscape 32 3 8 Chemical Use in the Landscape 34 5 3 Water Heating 74 5 3 1 Heat Recovery Water Heating 76 5 3 2 Solar Water Heating 78 5 4 Lighting 80 5 4 1 Linear Fluorescent Lighting 82 5 4 2 Electronic Ballasts 84 5 4 3 Compact Fluorescent Lighting 86 5 4 4 Lighting Controls 88 5 4 5 Exterior Lighting 90 5 5 Office Food Service and Laundry Equipment 92 ii 5 5 1 Office Equipment 94 Part VII 5 5 2 Food Service Laundry Equipment 96 MATERIALS WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RECYCLING 5 6 Energy Management 98 5 6 1 Energy Management and Control Systems 100 7 1 Material Selection 152 5 6 2 Managing Utility Costs 102 7 1 2 Structural Building Components 156 5 7 Electric Motors and Drives 104 7 1 3 Wood Products 158 5 7 1 High Efficiency Motors 106 7 1 4 Low Slope Roofing 160 5 7 2 Variable Frequency Drives 108 7 1 5 Floor Coverings 162 5 7 3 Power Factor Correction 110 7 1 6 Paints and Wall Coverings 164 5 7 4 Energy Efficient Elevators 112 7 1 7 Contract Furnishings 166 5 8 Electrical Power Systems 114 5 8 1 Power Systems Analysis 116 7 2 Operational Waste Reduction and Recycling 168 5 8 2 Transformers 118 7 3 Construction Waste Management 170 5 8 3 Microturbines 120 7 4 Deconstruction 172 5 8 4 Fuel Cells 122 5 8 5 Photovoltaics 124 5 8 6 Wind Energy 126 5 8 7 Biomass Energy Systems 128 5 8 8 Combined Heat and Power 130 Part VI WATER AND WASTEWATER 6 1 Water Management 134 6 2 Toilets and Urinals 136 6 3 Showers Faucets and Drinking Fountains 138 7 1 1 Writing Green Specifications 154 Part VIII INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 8 1 Indoor Air Quality 176 8 2 Controlling Soil Gases 178 8 3 Controlling Biological Contaminants 180 8 4 Productivity in the Workplace 182 8 5 Noise Control and Privacy 184 Part IX MANAGING BUILDINGS 9 1 The Role of Operations Maintenance O M 188 6 4 Electronic Controls for Plumbing Fixtures 140 9 2 Building Commissioning 190 6 5 Reclaimed Water 142 9 3 Maintaining Healthy Indoor Environments 192 6 6 Graywater Collection and Use 144 6 7 Rainwater Harvesting 146 6 8 On site Wastewater Treatment Systems 148 9 4 Leased Buildings 194 9 5 Measuring and Monitoring Benefits 196 9 6 Setting Standards and Training 198 9 7 Employee Incentive Programs 200 iii About the Contributing Organizations U S Department of Energy The U S Department of Energy DOE contributes to the welfare of the Nation by providing resources to achieve efficiency in energy use diversity of energy sources a more productive and competitive economy improved environmental quality and a secure national defense DOE provides scientific and technical information and educational resources to Federal agencies and the public Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy DOE s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy leads the Nation to a stronger economy a cleaner environment and a more secure future through the development and deployment of sustainable energy technologies Federal Energy Management Program The Federal Energy Management Program FEMP reduces the cost of government by advancing energy efficiency water conservation and the use of solar and other renewable energy FEMP accomplishes its mission by creating partnerships leveraging resources transferring technology and providing training and support Each of these activities is directly related to achieving not only the goals set forth in legislation and Executive Orders but also those that are inherent in sound management of Federal financial and personnel resources BuildingGreen Inc BuildingGreen Inc provides information on green building to architects builders facility owners and facility managers BuildingGreen publishes the monthly newsletter Environmental Building News the Green Building Advisor a software tool for identifying strategies for greening buildings and GreenSpec a directory of green building products ENSAR Group Inc ENSAR Group Inc is an international design consulting firm based in Boulder Colorado specializing in sustainable building development ENSAR has led the design of many extremely energy efficient federal buildings ENSAR coordinates many sustainable design activities including the development of this publication Greening America Greening America is a nonprofit foundation that educates the public and private sectors about energy efficient and environmentally sound design innovation and technology Greening America which had its genesis in the Greening of the White House produces videos
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