CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION DESIGN GUIDELINES Small HVAC System Design Guide October 2003 P500 03 082 A12 Gray Davis Governor CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Prepared By Architectural Energy Corporation Pete Jacobs Lead Author Boulder CO Managed By New Buildings Institute Cathy Higgins Program Director White Salmon WA CEC Contract No 400 99 013 Prepared For Donald Aumann Contract Manager Nancy Jenkins PIER Buildings Program Manager Terry Surles PIER Program Director Robert L Therkelsen Executive Director DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as the result of work sponsored by the California Energy Commission It does not necessarily represent the views of the Energy Commission its employees or the State of California The Energy Commission the State of California its employees contractors and subcontractors make no warrant express or implied and assume no legal liability for the information in this report nor does any party represent that the uses of this information will not infringe upon privately owned rights This report has not been approved or disapproved by the California Energy Commission nor has the California Energy Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the information in this report Small HVAC System Design Guide Acknowledgements Acknowledgements The products and outcomes presented in this report are a result of funding provided by the California Energy Commission s Public Interest Energy Research PIER program on behalf of the citizens of California Architectural Energy Corporation would like to acknowledge the support and contributions of the individuals below Program and Contract Management Cathy Higgins New Buildings Institute Don Aumann California Energy Commission Technical Advisory Group TAG Tudi Hassl Portland Energy Conservation Inc PECI Jan Johnson Southern California Edison Company John Proctor Proctor Engineering Group Richard Lord Carrier Corporation Dr Mark Modera Carrier Aeroseal Architectural Energy Corporation Project Team Pete Jacobs led the project with AEC staff support from Dave Roberts Tracy Phillips Erik Jeanette John Wood Matthew Potts Kosol Kiatreungwattana Pablo CalderonRodriguez and Judie Porter RLW Analytics as a subcontractor provided field testing and engineering support and statistical analysis including contributions from Roger Wright Matt Brost Jeff Staller Eric Swan Amber Watkins and Stacia Okura Eskinder Berhanu Principal of Eskinder Berhanu Associates also provided field testing and engineering support Additional Support Alan Cowan and Jeff Johnson New Buildings Institute project technical review and Design Guide review Darren Goody PECI Design Guide review i Small HVAC System Design Guide Preface Preface The Small HVAC System Design Guide Design Guide provides design guidance on how to improve the installed performance of small packaged rooftop HVAC systems in commercial buildings The document is written for architects engineers and design build contractors involved in the design of small packaged rooftop systems for commercial building applications It includes information and advice on overall building design practices to minimize HVAC loads unit selection and sizing distribution and control system design commissioning and operations and maintenance Small HVAC systems are installed in about 40 million square feet ft of new California construction annually By applying the integrated design principles in this document the energy consumption and costs of buildings with small HVAC systems can be reduced by 25 to 35 Impacts on building first costs are minimized through a combination of load avoidance strategies designed to reduce the size and cost of the HVAC system with simple paybacks of about 0 2 to 2 4 years Along with integrated design other design strategies suggested in this document focus on establishing and maintaining efficient operation of systems as they are installed in the field Problems with equipment and controls economizers fan controls thermostat programming in situ air flow and fan power refrigerant charge and operation maintenance practices that can lead to poor system performance are addressed Solutions to problems observed in the design of small HVAC systems rest in the hands of market actors up and down the building design construction and maintenance chain This Design Guide focuses on specific actions building designers can take to improve the overall performance of small HVAC systems The Buildings Program Area within the Public Interest Energy Research PIER Program produced this document as part of a multi project programmatic contract 400 99 413 The Buildings Program includes new and existing buildings in both the residential and the nonresidential sectors The program seeks to decrease building energy use through research that will develop or improve energy efficient technologies strategies tools and building performance evaluation methods The Design Guide is Attachment A 12 product 4 7 5 to the Final Report on Integrated Energy Systems Productivity and Building Science Program Commission Publication P500 03 082 For other reports produced within this contract or to obtain more information on the PIER Program please visit www energy ca gov pier buildings or contact the Commission s Publications Unit at 916 654 5200 The Design Guide is also available at www newbuildings org ii Small HVAC System Design Guide Abstract Abstract The Small HVAC System Design Guide Design Guide provides design guidance on how to improve the installed performance of small packaged rooftop HVAC systems in commercial buildings The document is targeted at architects engineers and design build contractors involved in the design of small packaged rooftop systems for commercial building applications It includes information and advice on overall building design practices to minimize HVAC loads unit selection and sizing distribution and control system design commissioning and operations and maintenance Small HVAC systems are installed in about 40 million ft of new California construction annually By applying the integrated design principles in this document the energy consumption and costs of buildings with small HVAC systems can be reduced by 25 to 35 Impacts on building first costs are minimized through a combination of load avoidance strategies designed to reduce the size and cost of the HVAC system with simple paybacks of about 0 2 to 2 4 years Along with integrated design other design strategies suggested in this document focus on
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